1. 18.4 The War in the East (pt. 2) pp. 578-580

2. Objective:
Explain why Gettysburg was a turning point.

3. Review: 1. The years of the American Civil War were ________-________.
2. Where were the opening shots of the war fired?
3. List the four border slave states that remained loyal the Union.
4. What Southern city became the Confederate capital?
5. List three Confederate advantages.
6. List three Confederate disadvantages.
7. List three Union advantages

4. Review:
8. What were the three parts of Winfield Scott’s Union strategy?
9. The Confederate army planned to fight a ____________________ war.
10. Which Union general played a major role in winning the war for the North?
11. Which outstanding Confederate general understood the battlefield as well as anyone in the military?

5. Review:
12. Confederate soldiers were called ________________ and their official uniform color was __________________.
13. Union soldiers were called ____________________ and wore _______________ uniforms.
14. What was the first major battle of the Civil War?
15. Confederate General Thomas J. Jackson earned the nickname __________________ at the Battle of Bull Run.
16. Which Union general was skilled at organization, but overly-cautious in battle?
17. Define blockade-runner—
18. Define ironclad—
19. What was the name of the Confederacy’s first ironclad?
20. What was the name of the Union’s first ironclad?
21. Which Civil War battle was the bloodiest single day in American history?
22. For what three reasons was the Battle of Antietam important?
23. Identify the Emancipation Proclamation—
24. The Emancipation Proclamation transformed the Civil War into a struggle against __________________.

6. A. African American Soldiers (p. 578)
The Emancipation Proclamation announced Lincoln’s decision to permit African Americans to join the Union army.
About 200,000 African Americans served in the Union army and navy.
The 54th Massachusetts was the best-known African American regiment.

7. A scene from GLORY, a 1989 movie about the 54th Massachusetts Regiment

8. B. Fredericksburg & Chancellorsville (pp. 578-579)
In late 1862 a new Union general, Ambrose Burnside, suffered a crushing defeat at the Battle of Fredericksburg.
Burnside’s replacement, General Joseph Hooker, was defeated by Robert E. Lee’s Rebels in May of 1863 at the Battle of Chancellorsville.
Chancellorsville was Lee’s greatest victory, but it is also where he lost his best general, Stonewall Jackson, who was mortally wounded by friendly fire.

9. Dead Mississippians,
Fredericksburg, Va.,
1863

10. C. Gettysburg (p. 579)
Lee’s victory at Chancellorsville encouraged him to invade the North a second time.
Crossing into Pennsylvania, Lee’s army made contact with the Union army.
For three days—July 1-3, 1863—the two sides fought each other in the largest battle ever in the Western Hemisphere—the Battle of Gettysburg.

11. D. Pickett’s Charge (p. 580)
The climax of the Battle of Gettysburg came on the final day with Pickett’s Charge, a disastrous frontal assault against the fortified Union center.
The University Grays (of Ole Miss) reached deeper into Union lines than any other regiment (but sustained 100% casualties).
Gettysburg was a victory for the North and a turning point of the war.
Never again would the Confederacy be strong enough to seriously threaten the Union.

12. E. The Gettysburg Address (p. 580)
The combined casualties of Gettysburg were about 55,000.
Extremely unsanitary conditions and hastily-buried bodies in and around Gettysburg led residents to establish a new cemetery for the community.
In November 1863, Lincoln was invited to speak at its dedication.
In the Gettysburg Address, Lincoln made clear that Union soldiers had died giving the nation a “new birth of freedom.”

13. Review:
25. About ______________ (number) African Americans served in the Union army and navy.
26. What was the best-known African American regiment?
27. Which battle was Robert E. Lee’s greatest victory?
28. Which Confederate general was mortally wounded by friendly-fire at Chancellorsville?
29. What was the largest battle ever fought in the Western Hemisphere?
30. A disastrous frontal assault known as __________________’s Charge was the climax of the Battle of Gettysburg.
31. In the Gettysburg Address, Lincoln made it clear that the dead of the battle had given the nation “a new ____________ of _____________.”