Interpersonal Communication Edzham Armin edzham@unimap.edu.my

What is Interpersonal Communication???

Learning Outcome After completing the topics students should be able to: Explain the meaning of interpersonal communication Lists the elements of interpersonal communication Describe the axioms in interpersonal communication Describe the role of perceptions in interpersonal communication Describe the skills of conversation in interpersonal communication

KEY ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS Perspective Berlo SOURCE MESSAGE CHANNEL RECEIVER

SOURCE EDUCATION INFORMATION BEHAVIOUR ATTITUDE BELIEFS

MESSAGE WORDS FEELINGS CODE VISUAL AUDIO CONTENT

CHANNEL HEARING VERBAL, RADIO…. SEEING  EYE CONTACT, TV, FILM COMPT. SMELLINGSENSING TOUCHING  HUMAN TESTING- HUMAN

RECEIVER A PERSON A MAN, A WOMAN, A CHILD ETC. A GROUP OF PEOPLE  POLITICAL, FARMERS, AN ORGANISATION  UNITY(PERSATUAN), PARTY POL THE SOCIETY AT LARGE  GENERAL PUBLIC

Basic Model of Communication Process

What is interpersonal communication Definition Any interaction between two people or more ( verbal& nonverbal ) Two persons interacting  a dyad Communication between two or more connected individuals that involves: dyadic primacy (the two-person unit is of central importance) dyadic coalitions (two-person groups form even in larger groups)

HOW interpersonal relationships develop? dyadic consciousness? the two persons think of themselves as a pair HOW interpersonal relationships develop? from face-to-face interactions as well on the Internet. THE purpose? VARIES: learn, relate, influence, play, and help etc.

Elements of interpersonal communication the knowledge of and ability to use effectively your own communication system. 1.Source-receiver/communicator is the person who sends and receives interpersonal messages simultaneously. 2.Encoding-decoding refers to the act of putting meaning into verbal and nonverbal messages and deriving meaning from the messages you receive from others. i.e speaking or writing/listening or reading. 3.Competence is the knowledge of and ability to use effectively your own communication system.

4. Messages? Feedback messages Feedforward messages? are the signals that serve as stimuli for a receiver; metamessages? are messages that refer to other messages. Feedback messages messages that are sent back by the receiver to the source in response to other messages. Feedforward messages? messages that preface other messages and ask that the listener approach future messages in a certain way. Messages can quickly overload the channels, making meaningful interaction impossible

5.Channels are the media through which messages pass and which act as a bridge between source and receiver, for example, the vocal-auditory channel used in speaking or the coetaneous-tactile channel used in touch. 6. Noise is the inevitable physical, physiological, psychological, and semantic interference that distorts a message.

7.Context /situation is the physical, social-psychological, temporal, and cultural environment in which communication takes place. 8.Ethics is the moral dimension of communication, the study of what makes behavior moral or good as opposed to immoral and bad.

Axioms of interpersonal communication AXIOMS: General principles that help explain what interpersonal communication is and how it works 1. Interpersonal communication is a transactional process Interpersonal communication is a process, an ongoing event, in which the elements are interdependent; communication is constantly occurring and changing. 2. Interpersonal communication is ambiguous. All messages are potentially ambiguous; different people will derive different meanings from the "same" message. There is ambiguity in all relationships.

Transactional Model

3.Interpersonal relationships may be symmetrical or complementary. Interpersonal interactions may stimulate similar or different behavior patterns, and relationships may be described as basically symmetrical or complementary. Develop an awareness of symmetrical and complementary relationships. Avoid clinging rigidly to behavioral patterns that are no longer useful and mirroring another's destructive behaviors.

4. Interpersonal communication refers to content and relationship. All communications refer both to content and to the relationships between the participants. Be aware of and respond to relationship messages as well as content messages.

Interpersonal communication is inevitable(prevented), irreversible(reversed), and unrepeatable ( repeated). When in an interactional situation, you cannot communicate; you cannot uncommunicate; you cannot repeat exactly a specific message. Seek to control as many aspects of your behavior as possible. In listening, seek out non-obvious messages. Beware of messages you may later wish to take back, for example, conflict and commitment messages.

What is your perception about ….. Mr. Bean ? I Malaysia ?

Perceiving others Perception: The process of recognizing and understanding others By understanding perception, YOU can deal with others effectively Is the process by which you become aware of objects, events and peoples through your senses : sight, smell, taste, touch and hearing.

Your perceptions result from what exists in the outside world and from your experiences, desires, needs, wants and loves. Stages of perception You sense, you pick up some kind of stimulation You organize the stimuli in some way You interpret and evaluate what you perceive You stored your perception in memory You retrieve when it needed (recall)

You can be the best communicator