1. Verderber, Verderber, Sellnow © 2011 Cengage Learning COMM 2011 Chapter 1 Communication Perspectives

2. © 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcomes LO1Define the communication process and the settings in which communication takes place LO2 Identify communication principles LO3Discover how to increase communication competence

3. © 2011 Cengage Learning LO1 Define the communication process and the settings in which communication takes place

4. © 2011 Cengage Learning Communication Communication is the process of creating or sharing meaning in informal conversation, group interaction, or public speaking. LO 1

5. © 2011 Cengage Learning Essential Elements of Communication Participants (who?) Messages (what?) Context (where?) Channels (how?) Interference (distractions) Feedback (reaction) LO 1

6. © 2011 Cengage Learning Participants The individuals involved in communication. –Sender –Receiver LO 1

7. © 2011 Cengage Learning Messages Verbal utterances, visual images, and nonverbal behaviors to which meaning is attributed during communication. –Meanings –Symbols –Encoding –Decoding –Form (Organization) LO 1

8. © 2011 Cengage Learning Context The situation in which communication takes place. –Physical –Social –Historical –Psychological –Cultural LO 1

9. © 2011 Cengage Learning Channels The route traveled by the message and the means of transportation. –Face-to-face: verbal symbols, nonverbal cues, visual images. –Non-verbal cues: movements, touch, gestures, emoticons, acronyms. LO 1

10. © 2011 Cengage Learning Interference (Noise) Any stimulus that hinders the process of sharing meaning. –Physical –Psychological LO 1

11. © 2011 Cengage Learning Feedback Reactions and responses to a message that indicate whether and how the message was heard. LO 1

12. © 2011 Cengage Learning A Model of the Basic Communication Process LO 1

13. © 2011 Cengage Learning Communication Settings Intrapersonal communication – communicating with yourself Interpersonal communication – informal interaction between two people who have an identifiable relationship. Small group communication – 3 to 20 people who come together to communicate. Public communication – delivered to audience of more than 20 people. LO 1

14. © 2011 Cengage Learning LO2 Identify communication principles

15. © 2011 Cengage Learning Communication Has Purpose We communicate to develop and maintain our sense of self. We communicate to meet our social needs. We communicate to develop and maintain relationships. We communicate to exchange information. We communicate to influence others. LO 2

16. © 2011 Cengage Learning Communication Is Continuous We are always sending behavioral messages from which others draw inferences or meaning. LO 2

17. © 2011 Cengage Learning Communication Messages Vary in Conscious Though Spontaneous expressions Scripted Constructed messages LO 2

18. © 2011 Cengage Learning Communication is Relational Immediacy – the degree of attractiveness in a relationship. Control – the degree to which one participant is perceived to be more dominant or powerful. LO 2

19. © 2011 Cengage Learning Communication Is Guided by Culture Culture – systems of knowledge shared by a relatively large group of people. How messages are formed and interpreted depends on the cultural background of the participants. LO 2

20. © 2011 Cengage Learning Communication Has Ethical Implications Ethics – set of moral principles held by a society, group, or individual. Truthfulness and honesty. Integrity. Fairness Respect Responsibility LO 2

21. © 2011 Cengage Learning Communication Is Learned Just as you learned to walk, so too you learned to communicate. LO 2

22. © 2011 Cengage Learning LO3 Discover how to increase communication competence

23. © 2011 Cengage Learning Communication Competence Communication is effective when it achieves its goals; it is appropriate when it conforms to what is expected in a situation. LO 3

24. © 2011 Cengage Learning Perceptions of Competence Motivation – we can improve our communication only if we want to. Skills – goal-oriented actions that we can master and repeat in appropriate situations. Credibility – perception of speaker’s knowledge, trustworthiness, and warmth. Social ease – managing communi- cation apprehension. LO 3

25. © 2011 Cengage Learning Communication Apprehension “the fear or anxiety associated with real or anticipated communication with others.” Traitlike Audience-based Situational Context-based LO 3

26. © 2011 Cengage Learning Develop Communication Skill Goals 1.State the problem. 2.State the specific goal. 3.Outline a specific procedure for reaching the goal. 4.Devise a method of determining when the goal has been reached. LO 3

27. © 2011 Cengage Learning Communication Improvement Plan LO 3