Parliament Triumphs in England Ch. 16 Sec. 3 Age of Absolutism Parliament Triumphs in England Ch. 16 Sec. 3

Tutors Work with Parliament 1485-1603 Tutors ruled England Believed in Divine Right Henry used Parliament when he broke from the Church Henry went to Parliament for money and many times to raise taxes Parliament tended to vote how Henry’s agents instructed Elizabeth I ruled much like her father- control over Parliament

Revolution begins English Civil War Last of Tutors (Elizabeth I) passed away- throne goes to Stuart monarchs (ruling King of Scotland) James I agreed to rule under English law, but quickly started lecturing about “Divine Right” James would dissolve parliament and collect taxes on his own Also clashed with dissenters- Protestants who differed from Church of England (Puritans) 1625: Charles I followed his father Imprisoned foes without trial Needed taxes- summoned parliament- forced to sign “Petition of Rights”

Charles I James I

Revolution continues Charles I Cont. He dismissed Parliament and ruled without them Then needed their help and summoned parliament 1640: The Long Parliament Greatest political revolution in English history Parliament could not be dissolved without its own consent Cavaliers vs Roundheads Cavaliers- Charles I; wealthy nobles Roundheads- Oliver Cromwell; town-dwellers, clergy

Cavalier Roundhead

End of Century of Revolutionary Cavaliers vs. Roundheads Roundheads won many decisive battles Charles I at mercy of Parliament was put on trial and executed – “tyrant, traitor, murderer, & public enemy” Cromwell and the Commonwealth Cromwell declared England a Republic known as the Commonwealth and ruled as military dictator Became a Puritan society- Catholics could be killed on the spot Commonwealth ended with death of Cromwell- Charles II returned from exile to take the throne

Charles II Reopened theaters Well liked/popular ruler Reopened theaters Reestablished Church of England but encouraged toleration Accepted Petition of Right but shared his father’s view of absolute monarchy- secretly had Catholic sympathies

England’s Glorious Revolution Charles II’s brother James II took over the throne 1685 - not well liked among English/ openly Catholic Parliament asks James’s daughter, Mary and husband (William III) to become rulers of England With their arrival- James II fled to France Bloodless overthrow- Glorious Revolution Mary and Will had to accept English Bill of Rights before being crowned

Glorious Revolution William and Mary Charles II

English Bill of Rights Ensured superiority of Parliament over monarchy Required monarchy to summon Parliament regularly Gave House of Commons “power of the purse” Barred any Roman Catholic from inheriting the throne It created a limited monarchy Evolves into a Constitutional Monarchy- political parties, the cabinet, and the offices of the Prime Minister Constitutional Monarchy idea spread to the Americas with two parties and a cabinet

Constitutional Monarchy Development of Constitutional Government- a government whose power is defined and limited by law 3 new institutions arose: Political parties (1600s) - Tories and Whigs The cabinet (1700s) – named after small room they met in Office of Prime Minister - head of cabinet/ became chief official of British government In time- prime minister exceeded power of monarch