I The Glorious Revolution

I The Glorious Revolution

Background to Revolution

Background to Revolution a. The Glorious Revolution, which came at the end of the 17th Century ( A.D ) forced the English king to recognize that he must rule in accordance with the laws they approved.

Background to Revolution a. The Glorious Revolution, which came at the end of the 17th Century ( A.D ) forced the English king to recognize that he must rule in accordance with the laws they approved. b. It was one of three great revolutions in the Western world in this period that introduced the power of a representative body.

c. The American Revolution spelled out the roles of government institutions and the rights of citizens.

c. The American Revolution spelled out the roles of government institutions and the rights of citizens. d. The French Revolution went furthest in asserting the principles of liberty and equality for all people.

c. The American Revolution spelled out the roles of government institutions and the rights of citizens. d. The French Revolution went furthest in asserting the principles of liberty and equality for all people. e. In the 16th and 17th centuries, most European countries were ruled by absolute rulers. These monarchs believed in the divine right of kings.

f. The divine right of kings meant that they were not accountable to citizens, but only to God.

f. The divine right of kings meant that they were not accountable to citizens, but only to God. g. In England, the monarchs realized that having the support of Parliament – the body of nobles and wealthy commoners who claimed to represent the nation – was an advantage. \

f. The divine right of kings meant that they were not accountable to citizens, but only to God. g. In England, the monarchs realized that having the support of Parliament – the body of nobles and wealthy commoners who claimed to represent the nation – was an advantage. 1. How the Tutor’s ruled.

f. The divine right of kings meant that they were not accountable to citizens, but only to God. g. In England, the monarchs realized that having the support of Parliament – the body of nobles and wealthy commoners who claimed to represent the nation – was an advantage. 1. How the Tutor’s ruled. a. Between 1485 – 1603, England was ruled by the Tutor family, Henry VIII and Elizabeth I.

b. Both Henry and his daughter Elizabeth consulted with Parliament, especially regarding religious issues.

b. Both Henry and his daughter Elizabeth consulted with Parliament, especially regarding religious issues. c. In 1534, Henry convinced Parliament to pass the Act of Supremacy. This made Henry the head of the church in England. It was renamed the Anglican Church. This shocked the pope and Catholic Church.

b. Both Henry and his daughter Elizabeth consulted with Parliament, especially regarding religious issues. c. In 1534, Henry convinced Parliament to pass the Act of Supremacy. This made Henry the head of the church in England. It was renamed the Anglican Church. This shocked the pope and Catholic Church. d. Lands belonging to the Catholic church were taken and given to members of Parliament.

e. England became a powerful Protestant state under Elizabeth’s reign. She supported a moderate Protestantism in order to avoid bloody religious wars.

e. England became a powerful Protestant state under Elizabeth’s reign. She supported a moderate Protestantism in order to avoid bloody religious wars. f. Fervent Protestants, Puritan’s in particular, felt that the Anglican church was too Catholic. They also wanted a church more free from government. The conflict and persecution from this struggle caused many Puritans to emigrate to America.

2. The Stuarts and Divine Right

2. The Stuarts and Divine Right a. When the Stuarts, particularly James I took over the throne, they tried to reestablish an absolute monarchy.

2. The Stuarts and Divine Right a. When the Stuarts, particularly James I took over the throne, they tried to reestablish an absolute monarchy. b. Both James, and his son Charles I operated without consulting Parliament.

2. The Stuarts and Divine Right a. When the Stuarts, particularly James I took over the throne, they tried to reestablish an absolute monarchy. b. Both James, and his son Charles I operated without consulting Parliament. c. Between , Charles ruled without Parliament in a period known as the Eleven Years’ Tyranny.

1. Civil War and Aftermath

1. Civil War and Aftermath a. Civil war broke out in 1642 between supporters of the King (Cavaliers) and those of Parliament (Roundheads).

1. Civil War and Aftermath a. Civil war broke out in 1642 between supporters of the King (Cavaliers) and those of Parliament (Roundheads). b. Parliament won because their leader, Oliver Cromwell was a military genius and he created a new model army.

1. Civil War and Aftermath a. Civil war broke out in 1642 between supporters of the King (Cavaliers) and those of Parliament (Roundheads). b. Parliament won because their leader, Oliver Cromwell was a military genius and he created a new model army. c. His army was made up of extreme Puritans who believed they were fighting for God.

d. Cromwell purged Parliament of anyone who had not supported him and executed Charles I in

d. Cromwell purged Parliament of anyone who had not supported him and executed Charles I in 1. Cromwell’s Puritan Commonwealth

d. Cromwell purged Parliament of anyone who had not supported him and executed Charles I in 1. Cromwell’s Puritan Commonwealth a. The execution of the king horrified much of Europe. Parliament abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords, and declared a republic, or Common- wealth.

b. Cromwell soon dismissed Parliament and set up a military dictatorship. He ruled until his death in 1658.

b. Cromwell soon dismissed Parliament and set up a military dictatorship. He ruled until his death in 1658. 3. The Restoration

b. Cromwell soon dismissed Parliament and set up a military dictatorship. He ruled until his death in 1658. 3. The Restoration a. Parliament restored the monarchy, and Charles II took the throne. Under the restored Stuart monarchy, Parliament kept the power it had gained.

b. Cromwell soon dismissed Parliament and set up a military dictatorship. He ruled until his death in 1658. 3. The Restoration a. Parliament restored the monarchy, and Charles II took the throne. Under the restored Stuart monarchy, Parliament kept the power it had gained. b. It restored the Church of England and restricted the rights of Puritans and Catholics.

c. To counter the possibility of a Catholic monarch returning to the throne, specifically Charles’s brother, James, Parliament introduced the Exclusion Bill to bar James from the throne if he professed his Catholicism.

c. To counter the possibility of a Catholic monarch returning to the throne, specifically Charles’s brother, James, Parliament introduced the Exclusion Bill to bar James from the throne if he professed his Catholicism. d. The bill created two political groups, the anti-catholic Whigs, and the Tories, who favored a lawful succession to the throne

e. Despite this law, James II became king in when his brother died. He was a devout Catholic.

e. Despite this law, James II became king in when his brother died. He was a devout Catholic. f. James named Catholics to high positions in the government, armed forces, and universities.

e. Despite this law, James II became king in when his brother died. He was a devout Catholic. f. James named Catholics to high positions in the government, armed forces, and universities. Glorious Revolution and Limited Monarchy

e. Despite this law, James II became king in when his brother died. He was a devout Catholic. f. James named Catholics to high positions in the government, armed forces, and universities. Glorious Revolution and Limited Monarchy a. Parliament did not want James II’s Catholic son to assume the throne.

b. A group of English nobles invited the Dutch leader, William of Orange, husband of James’ daughter Mary, to invade England.

b. A group of English nobles invited the Dutch leader, William of Orange, husband of James’ daughter Mary, to invade England. c. William and Mary raised an army and sailed to England. James and his family fled, so there was little violence.

b. A group of English nobles invited the Dutch leader, William of Orange, husband of James’ daughter Mary, to invade England. c. William and Mary raised an army and sailed to England. James and his family fled, so there was little violence. d. After this “Glorious Revolution,” William and Mary accepted the throne in They agreed to adopt a Bill of Rights in exchange for the throne.

e. The English Bill of Rights set forth Parliament’s right to make laws and levy taxes.

e. The English Bill of Rights set forth Parliament’s right to make laws and levy taxes. f. Standing armies could only be raised with Parliament’s consent.

e. The English Bill of Rights set forth Parliament’s right to make laws and levy taxes. f. Standing armies could only be raised with Parliament’s consent. g. It also granted citizens the right to bear arms and the right to a trial by jury.

e. The English Bill of Rights set forth Parliament’s right to make laws and levy taxes. f. Standing armies could only be raised with Parliament’s consent. g. It also granted citizens the right to bear arms and the right to a trial by jury. h. It helped create a government based on the rule of law and a freely elected Parliament. It set up a limited, or constitutional monarchy.

i. The Toleration Act of 1689 gave Puritans, not Catholics, the right of free public worship. Few English citizens were persecuted for religion ever again.

i. The Toleration Act of 1689 gave Puritans, not Catholics, the right of free public worship. Few English citizens were persecuted for religion ever again. j. However, by deposing one king and establishing another, Parliament had destroyed the divine right theory of kingship.

i. The Toleration Act of 1689 gave Puritans, not Catholics, the right of free public worship. Few English citizens were persecuted for religion ever again. j. However, by deposing one king and establishing another, Parliament had destroyed the divine right theory of kingship. 1. John Locke and Natural Rights

i. The Toleration Act of 1689 gave Puritans, not Catholics, the right of free public worship. Few English citizens were persecuted for religion ever again. j. However, by deposing one king and establishing another, Parliament had destroyed the divine right theory of kingship. 1. John Locke and Natural Rights a. A philosopher, John Locke, wrote a book called Two Treatises of Government in 1690.

b. Locke was trying to justify Parliament’s action and explain it to the world.

b. Locke was trying to justify Parliament’s action and explain it to the world. c. He argued against the absolute rule of one person. He stated that before the development of society and politics, people lived in a state of freedom and equality, not violence and war.

b. Locke was trying to justify Parliament’s action and explain it to the world. c. He argued against the absolute rule of one person. He stated that before the development of society and politics, people lived in a state of freedom and equality, not violence and war. d. According to Locke, people in this state had natural rights – rights which they were born with. These were a right to life, liberty and property.

e. People with natural rights agree to establish a government to secure and protect these rights.

e. People with natural rights agree to establish a government to secure and protect these rights. f. Locke argued there was a contract between government and people. People agreed to be reasonable towards a government as long as that government protects their natural rights.

e. People with natural rights agree to establish a government to secure and protect these rights. f. Locke argued there was a contract between government and people. People agreed to be reasonable towards a government as long as that government protects their natural rights. g. If the contract is broken, then people have a right to overthrow the government.

h. Locke’s ideas were important to the American and French Revolutions.

h. Locke’s ideas were important to the American and French Revolutions. i. They were used to support demands for constitutional government, the rule of law, and the protection of individual rights.

h. Locke’s ideas were important to the American and French Revolutions. i. They were used to support demands for constitutional government, the rule of law, and the protection of individual rights. j. Locke’s ideas are found in the American Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution.

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