Organizing Body Identify main points and subpoints From brainstorming From research

Organizing Body Choose best organizational pattern For informative presentations: Chronological Spatial Topical Cause-effect

Organizing Body Choose best organizational pattern For persuasive presentations: Problem-solution Criteria satisfaction Comparative advantages Motivated sequence

Organizing Body Choose best organizational pattern Motivated sequence steps Attention Need Satisfaction Visualization Action

Organizing Body Rules for Main Points Stated as claims Develop thesis Use 2 to 5 State in parallel structure Contain one idea

Planning Introduction & Conclusion Functions of Introduction Capture listeners’ attention Give audience reason to listen Set tone for topic and setting Establish qualifications Introduce thesis and preview presentation

Planning Introduction & Conclusion Types of Opening Statements Ask question Rhetorical Overt response Tell story Present quotation Make startling statement

Planning Introduction & Conclusion Types of Opening Statements Refer to audience Refer to occasion Use humor Appropriate to topic Appropriate to occasion Appropriate for audience

Planning Introduction & Conclusion Functions of Conclusion Review Review thesis Summarize main points Closing statement Create favorable impression Give sense of completion

Planning Introduction & Conclusion Types of Closing Statements Use techniques used for gaining attention Return to theme of opening statement Appeal for action End with challenge

Adding Transitions Functions of Transitions Promote clarity Emphasize important ideas Keep listeners interested

Adding Transitions Characteristics of Effective Transitions Refer to preceding and upcoming ideas Bridge between points Call attention to themselves