Objectives Things to Do Pick up red pencil Grab notes Have out assignment Objectives Know the different organelles Know the functions of different parts of the cell

Parts of the Cell Notes 4

Cytosol and Cytoplasm Cytosol Cytoplasm Fluid that helps hold the cells shape Made of water and dissolved substances Cytoplasm Fluid Organelles

The Nucleus In prokaryotes genetic material is in a plasmid Eukaryotes have linear chromosomes The role of the Eukaryotic Nucleus Isolates and protects DNA from damage Allows or restricts access to genetic information Cannot see DNA when cells are not dividing Nuclear envelope Lipid Bilayer Holds the fluid of the nucleus Nucleolus - where ribosomes are made to assemble RNA and proteins

Endoplasmic Reticulum Channel from the nuclear envelope to the cytoplasm Processes proteins Two Types: Rough ER Flattened with ribosomes on the outside Some of the proteins become embedded here Found in cells that make, store and secrete proteins like the pancreas Smooth ER No ribosomes Makes lipids used in the membrane Breaks down fatty acids

Ribosomes Made of rRNA and protein Where protein synthesis occurs Made of two subunits Large subunit - 60S Small subunit - 40S Considered 80S Ribosome S - weight in Svedberg units Prokaryotes also have two subunits Large subunit - 50S Small subunit - 30S 70S ribosomes

Golgi Apparatus Multiple names: golgi bodies, golgi apparatus, golgi complex Parts of the ER bulge and break off Head for Golgi Apparatus Makes adjustments Attach sugars Cleave proteins Adjustments determines where it goes next Packages and ships Excretory - constant Secretory - stored Lysosomal - heads to lysosome

Vesicles Membrane bound organelles that carry molecules Have several functions: Aid in metabolism Provide transportation Enzyme Storage Four main types Lysosomes Vacuoles Transport Secretory