1. Cell Organelles

2. The Cell and it’s parts Within the cell there are many different parts
Each part has a specific function

3. Cell Diversity
At least 200 different types of cells in the human body alone
But there are 3 features that all cells have in common
1. Cell membrane
2. An information/control center with genetic material (DNA)
3. Cytoplasm

5. Helpful type on your notes
For each organelle I want you to know the following information
1. Structure
2. Location (How to identify it within the cell)
3. Function

6. Nucleus Known as the brain of the cell and has main parts
What is the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?

7. Parts of the Nucleus 1. Chromatin 2. Nucleolus 3. Nuclear Membrane
Genetic material that controls all activities of the cell and passes on hereditary material
2. Nucleolus
Manufactures proteins
Dense, dark area within nucleus
Has DNA, RNA, and proteins
3. Nuclear Membrane
Double layered
Surrounds genetic material and holds it together

9. Ribosomes Smallest cell structure Composed of RNA and proteins
Made in the nucleolus
Where proteins are made
Product of the cell is a protein

10. Two types of Ribosomes
1. Free floating – make proteins that are used within the cell
2. Attached – attached to Endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.) and make proteins that are exported out of the cell

11. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Series of channels that are used as a transport for the protein made by the ribosome attached to it
Two types
1. Rough ER – ribosomes are attached
Proteins travel from here to the smooth ER
2. Smooth ER – has no ribosomes
Package proteins into vesicles for transport to another cell of the Golgi apparatus

13. Golgi Apparatus AKA Golgi Bodies Flattened membrane bound sacs
Modify or package the proteins from the vesicle by adding carbs or taking out water

14. Golgi Apparatus
Put the finished protein in a transport vesicle to be taken to another cell part or outside of the cell
Main products are proteins and lipids used in the cell membrane

16. Vesicles Transport material from one part of the cell to another
Found in metabolically active cells
Same structure but smaller than vacuoles

17. Mitochondria Mitochondria vs Mitochondrion Power house of the cell
Two membranes
Outer one smooth
Inner one is folded

18. Mitochondria
Supply energy for all cellular functions by breaking down sugars and starches (enzymes used!) and releasing energy
Takes place on inner folded membrane
Common in cells that require large amounts of energy
Muscle cells

19. Mitochondria
Even though they are found outside of the nucleus they contain small amounts of DNA
Reproduce in cytoplasm with materials that are already there

20. Vacuole
Large sacs that store water, other liquids, waste, or food particles
Storage room for the cell
Much smaller in animal cells and may contain oils

21. Vacuole
In plants …
Very large and filled with water
The pressure of the water helps maintain the shape of the plant
Not enough water in the plant = vacuole collapses and the plant wilts
Ex. Celery in the fridge without water

23. Lysosome Formed in the Golgi apparatus Have strong digestive enzymes
Recycling center of the cell by breaking down used cell parts and other molecules in the cell
White blood cells have lysosomes
WBC attacks bacteria, release enzymes to destroy the bacteria

26. Factory Analogy!!!

27. Factory Comparison
Organelle
Function
Boss
Worker
Internal Transport (Conveyer)
Packaging
Shipping
Power House
Storage
Recycling Center
Boundaries and Walls
Doors to building

28. Which of the following organelles matches up best with the role in the factory?
Boss
Worker
Internal Transport (Conveyer)
Packaging
Shipping
Power House
Storage
Recycling Center
Boundaries and Walls
Doors to building
Lysosomes
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
Proteins to cell membrane
Vesicles
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Vacuoles
Ribosome
Cell membrane

29. Factory Comparison
Organelle
Function
Boss
Worker
Internal Transport (Conveyer)
Packaging
Shipping
Power House
Storage
Recycling Center
Boundaries and Walls
Doors to building
Genetic material that controls function
and passes on DNA and RNA
Nucleus
Ribosome
Where proteins are made
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Transport for proteins
Where packaging in a vesicle occurs to
be shipped
Golgi Apparatus
Packaging that covers proteins
when shipped out
Vesicles
Mitochondria
Convert sugar into energy
Vacuoles
Store liquids, water, waste
Lysosomes
Breakdown used cell parts
Separates cell from outer environment (cell
wall in plants)
Cell membrane
Proteins to cell membrane
Channel proteins for transport