1. Cell Organelles
Use this presentation in conjunction with the Cell Organelle note-taking worksheet.

2. nuclear pore chromatin (DNA) nucleus nucleolus nuclear envelope
flagellum
intermediate
filaments
cytoplasm
plasma
membrane
rough endoplasmic
reticulum
ribosome
lysosome
microtubules
Figure: 04-02
Title:
A generalized animal cell.
Caption:
smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Golgi
complex
free ribosome
vesicle
mitochondrion
vesicle

3. (part of cytoskeleton)
microtubules
(part of cytoskeleton)
mitochondrion
chloroplast
Golgi complex
central vacuole
smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
vesicle
cell wall
rough endoplasmic
reticulum
Figure: 04-03
Title:
A generalized plant cell.
Caption:
plasma
membrane
nucleolus
nuclear pore
nucleus
chromatin
nuclear envelope
intermediate
filaments
ribosomes
free ribosome

4. Plant & Animal Cells Similarities
Both constructed from eukaryotic cells
Both contain similar organelles
Both surrounded by cell membrane

5. Plant & Animal Cells Differences Animals have Plants have
Cell wall – provides strength & rigidity
Have chloroplasts, photosynthetic
Animals have
Other organelle not found in plants (lysosomes formed from Golgi)
Centrioles, important in cell division

6. Cell Organelles
Organelle (“little organ”) = a small structure in the cell that performs a specific function.
Membrane-bound organelles are found only in eukaryotic cells

7. Cytoplasm Everything in a cell except the nucleus is cytoplasm
Clear, gelatin-like, watery substance surrounding the organelles.
Maintains the shape and consistency of the cell.

8. Cell Membrane Boundary of the cell
Made of a phospholipid bilayer, with protein molecules scattered all over
Regulates what comes in and out of the cell, provides for some protection of the cell and its organelles
Emphasize word parts here:
phospho= phosphate head; lipid= fatty acid tail
bi= 2

9. Nucleus Control center of the cell –
Has the genetic code that directs what proteins get made
Contains DNA (either as chromosomes or chromatin), nucleolus and nuclear envelope
Cells with more than one nucleus include muscle cells and liver cells, largely because of the massive volume of cytoplasm and number of organelles that need controlling. 9

10. nuclear envelope nucleolus nuclear pores chromatin Figure: 04-04a
Title:
The nucleus.
Caption:
(a) The nucleus is bounded by a nuclear envelope. Inside are chromatin (DNA and associated proteins) and a nucleolus.
chromatin

11. Nuclear Envelope
Made of a phospholipid bilayer (like the cell membrane)
Regulates what comes in and out of the nucleus, has nuclear pores that allow a large molecule like RNA to move in and out of the nucleus.
Emphasize word parts here:
phospho= phosphate head; lipid= fatty acid tail
bi= 2

12. Chromosome/ Chromatin
Eukaryotic DNA has 2 forms:
Chromatin- DNA that is loosely coiled around a protein. When the cell in NOT dividing
Chromosome- chromatin is condensed into chromosomes when the cell divides (mitosis/ meiosis).

13. chromatin chromosome Figure: 04-05 Title: Chromosomes. Caption:
Chromosomes, seen here in a light micrograph of a dividing cell (on the right) in an onion root tip, are the same material (DNA and proteins) as the chromatin seen in nondividing cells adjacent to it, but in a more compact state.
chromatin
chromosome

14. Nucleolus A large, dense area in the nucleus
Site of ribosome production
nucleolus

15. Ribosome Site of protein synthesis (also known as translation)
Found attached to rough ER or floating free in cytoplasm
Produced in a part of the nucleus called the nucleolus

16. Endoplasmic Reticulum
“E.R.” – is a network of membranes inside the cytoplasm
Rough ER: studded with ribosomes; it chemically modifies proteins
Smooth ER: no ribosomes; it makes lipids

17. Golgi Apparatus Stores, transports, and packages proteins
Molecules transported to and from the Golgi by means of vesicles
AKA Golgi Complex

18. vesicles from ER vesicles leaving Golgi complex Golgi complex
Figure: 04-08
Title:
The Golgi complex.
Caption:
The Golgi complex is a stack of flat membranous sacs. Vesicles transport material from the ER to the Golgi (and vice versa) and from the Golgi to plasma membrane, lysosomes, and vesicles. Departing vesicles bud off from the Golgi on one face; arriving vesicles join it on the opposite face.
Golgi
complex

19. Lysosomes Garbage disposal of the cell
Contain digestive enzymes that break down big molecules and damaged organelles

20. Vacuoles Large central vacuole usually in plant cells
Many smaller vacuoles in animal cells
Storage container for water, food, enzymes, wastes, pigments, etc.
The image is 2D, so it must have been a light microscope or TEM. If the cell is very tiny, then a TEM was used. Otherwise, a strong light microscope could have captured this image.

21. Mitochondria
“Powerhouse of the cell” – found in BOTH plant and animal cells
Cellular respiration occurs here to release energy (ATP) for the cell to use
Has its own circular DNA and ribosomes

22. Chloroplast Found only in plant cells and plant-like protists
Site of photosynthesis
contains the green pigment chlorophyll-
Contains its own DNA and ribosomes
Chloroplasts absorb light, which is the starts the process of photosynthesis.

23. Cytoskeleton Acts as skeleton and muscle
Provides shape and structure
Helps move organelles around the cell, or move the cell itself
Made of three types of filaments
Only in eukaryotes
Actin, also found in muscle cells, mainly help maintain cell shape in their cytoskeletal role. Microtubules mostly move organelles around the cell. Intermediate filaments also provide structural support.

24. Centrioles
During cell division – help assemble the spindle apparatus that moves chromosomes
Usually found only in animal cells
Made of microtubules arranged in a special way
Microtubules are also part of the cytoskeleton.

25. Cell Wall Found in plant, fungus, and bacterial cells
Rigid, protective barrier
Located outside of the cell membrane
Made of cellulose (fiber) in plant cells 25