1. Cells
Unit 2

2. Putting Things in Perspective
The Scale of Things

3. Cell:

4. Cell: Basic unit of life

5. Cell: Basic unit of life
Cell Theory:

6. Cell: Basic unit of life
Cell Theory:
All living things are made of cells

7. Cell: Basic unit of life
Cell Theory:
All living things are made of cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things

8. Cell: Basic unit of life
Cell Theory:
All living things are made of cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
New cells come from existing cells

9. Types of cells
Prokaryotic Cell or Prokaryote:

10. Types of cells
Prokaryotic Cell or Prokaryote: a cell without a nucleus and other membrane bound internal structures

11. Types of cells
Prokaryotic Cell or Prokaryote: a cell without a nucleus and other membrane bound internal structures
Example:

12. Types of cells
Prokaryotic Cell or Prokaryote: a cell without a nucleus and other membrane bound internal structures
Example: Bacteria

13. Types of cells
Prokaryotic Cell or Prokaryote: a cell without a nucleus and other membrane bound internal structures
Example: Bacteria
Eukaryotic Cell or Eukaryote:

14. Types of cells
Prokaryotic Cell or Prokaryote: a cell without a nucleus and other membrane bound internal structures
Example: Bacteria
Eukaryotic Cell or Eukaryote: a cell with a nucleus and membrane bound internal structures

15. Types of cells
Prokaryotic Cell or Prokaryote: a cell without a nucleus and other membrane bound internal structures
Example: Bacteria
Eukaryotic Cell or Eukaryote: a cell with a nucleus and membrane bound internal structures
Example:

16. Types of cells
Prokaryotic Cell or Prokaryote: a cell without a nucleus and other membrane bound internal structures
Example: Bacteria
Eukaryotic Cell or Eukaryote: a cell with a nucleus and membrane bound internal structures
Example: Plants, animals, fungus

17. Parts of the Cell
Organelles:

18. Organelles: internal structures in a cell; “little organs”
Parts of the Cell
Organelles: internal structures in a cell; “little organs”

19. Organelles: internal structures in a cell; “little organs” Cytoplasm:
Parts of the Cell
Organelles: internal structures in a cell; “little organs”
Cytoplasm:

20. Organelles: internal structures in a cell; “little organs”
Parts of the Cell
Organelles: internal structures in a cell; “little organs”
Cytoplasm: fluid in all cells

21. Parts of a Cell: Nucleus
Membrane with pores (nuclear envelope)
Usually circular or spherical in shape
Contains genetic material and nucleolus

22. Parts of a Cell: Nucleus
Function
Controls the functions of the cell by providing directions for what the cell is supposed to do
Site of DNA replication and transcription
Found only in eukaryotic cells
Found in both plant and animal cells

23. Parts of a Cell: Cytoskeleton
Made of microtubules and filaments found throughout the cytoplasm

24. Parts of a Cell: Cytoskeleton
Function
Provides an internal framework for the cell, giving it shape
Helps with movement
Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Found in both plant and animal cells

25. Parts of a Cell: Cell Membrane
Phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell
Contains proteins and cholesterol molecules spread throughout

26. Parts of a Cell: Cell Membrane
Function
Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Provides protection and support
Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Found in both plant and animal cells

27. Parts of a Cell: Cell Wall
Lies outside the cell membrane
Made from fibers and carbohydrates and proteins; mostly cellulose

28. Parts of a Cell: Cell Wall
Function
Provides support and protection
Found only in eukaryotic cells
Found in only plant cells

29. Parts of a Cell: Ribosomes
Small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm

30. Parts of a Cell: Ribosomes
Function
Site of protein synthesis
Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Found in both plant and animal cells

31. Parts of a Cell: Endoplasmic Reticulum
Internal system of membranes
Smooth ER:
No ribosomes
Far from nucleus
Rough ER:
Studded with ribosomes
Adjacent to nucleus

32. Parts of a Cell: Endoplasmic Reticulum
Function
Site of lipid, carbohydrate and protein synthesis
Intracellular transport
Found in only eukaryotic cells
Found in both plant and animal cells

33. Parts of a Cell: Golgi Apparatus
Stack of closely packed membranes
Found close to the smooth ER

34. Parts of a Cell: Golgi Apparatus
Function
Modify, sort and package proteins and other materials for storage inside the cell or secretion outside of the cell
Found in only eukaryotic cells
Found in both plant and animal cells

35. Parts of a Cell: Vesicle
Membrane bound sacs made from cell membrane or Golgi membrane containing proteins or other materials

36. Parts of a Cell: Vesicles
Function
Protects contents for transport throughout the cell
Found in only eukaryotic cells
Found in both plant and animal cells

37. Parts of a Cell: Lysosome
Membrane bound sacs containing enzymes

38. Parts of a Cell: Lysosome
Function
Break down or digest lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins
Garbage disposal
Found in only eukaryotic cells
Found in both plant and animal cells

39. Parts of a Cell: Vacuole
Large membrane bound sac

40. Parts of a Cell: Vacuole
Function
Storage area for water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates
Found in only eukaryotic cells
Found in only plant cells

41. Parts of a Cell: Chloroplasts
Membrane bound sac
Contain large stacks of other membranes inside that contain chlorophyll

42. Parts of a Cell: Chloroplasts
Function
Site of photosynthesis
Convert light energy (sunlight) into chemical energy (sugars)
Found in only eukaryotic cells
Found in only plant cells

43. Parts of a Cell: Mitochondria
Enclosed by 2 membranes
Inner membrane is folded up inside the organelle
Contains their own DNA

44. Parts of a Cell: Mitochondria
Function
Site of cellular respiration
Convert chemical energy (sugars) into ATP
Found in only eukaryotic cells
Found in both animal and plant cells

45. Short, hair-like projections coming out of the cell membrane
Parts of a Cell: Cilia
Short, hair-like projections coming out of the cell membrane

46. Assist in cell movement
Parts of a Cell: Cilia
Function
Assist in cell movement
Increase surface area to help with the process of diffusion
Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Found in both animal and plant cells

47. Parts of a Cell: Flagella
Long, tail-like projections that come out of the cell membrane

48. Parts of a Cell: Flagella
Function
Assist in cell movement
Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Found in both animal and plant cells, mainly animal cells

49. Bacteria (Prokaryotic Cell)

50. Bacteria (Prokaryotic Cell)
Cell Wall

51. Bacteria (Prokaryotic Cell)
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall

52. Bacteria (Prokaryotic Cell)
Microtubules
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall

53. Bacteria (Prokaryotic Cell)
Genetic Material
Microtubules
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall

54. Bacteria (Prokaryotic Cell)
Flagella
Genetic Material
Microtubules
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall

55. Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell

56. Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell
Flagella

57. Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell
Flagella
Cytoskeleton

58. Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell
Flagella
Cytoskeleton
Microfilament

59. Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell
Flagella
Cytoskeleton
Microfilament
Cell Membrane

60. Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell
Flagella
Cytoskeleton
Microfilament
Cell Membrane
Cilia

61. Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell
Flagella
Cytoskeleton
Microfilament
Cell Membrane
Cilia
Mitochondria

62. Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell
Flagella
Cytoskeleton
Microfilament
Cell Membrane
Lysosome
Cilia
Mitochondria

63. Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell
Flagella
Cytoskeleton
Microfilament
Golgi Apparatus
Cell Membrane
Lysosome
Cilia
Mitochondria

64. Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell
Flagella
Cytoskeleton
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Microfilament
Golgi Apparatus
Cell Membrane
Lysosome
Cilia
Mitochondria

65. Animal (Eukaryotic) Cell
Flagella
Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Microfilament
Golgi Apparatus
Cell Membrane
Lysosome
Cilia
Mitochondria

66. Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell

67. Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell
Golgi Apparatus

68. Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell
Golgi Apparatus
Vesicle

69. Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell
Golgi Apparatus
Vesicle
Cell Wall

70. Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell
Golgi Apparatus
Vesicle
Cell Wall
Microtubule

71. Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell
Golgi Apparatus
Vesicle
Cell Wall
Microtubule
Cell Membrane

72. Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell
Golgi Apparatus
Vesicle
Cell Wall
Mitochondria
Microtubule
Cell Membrane

73. Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell
Golgi Apparatus
Vesicle
Chloroplast
Cell Wall
Mitochondria
Microtubule
Cell Membrane

74. Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell
Golgi Apparatus
Vacuole
Vesicle
Chloroplast
Cell Wall
Mitochondria
Microtubule
Cell Membrane

75. Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell
Golgi Apparatus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Vacuole
Vesicle
Chloroplast
Cell Wall
Mitochondria
Microtubule
Cell Membrane

76. Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell
Golgi Apparatus
Cytoskeleton
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Vacuole
Vesicle
Chloroplast
Cell Wall
Mitochondria
Microtubule
Cell Membrane

77. Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell
Golgi Apparatus
Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Vacuole
Vesicle
Chloroplast
Cell Wall
Mitochondria
Microtubule
Cell Membrane

78. Plant (Eukaryotic) Cell
Golgi Apparatus
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Vacuole
Vesicle
Chloroplast
Cell Wall
Mitochondria
Microtubule
Cell Membrane

79. Let’s Review…
What structures do all cells, whether they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic, have?
Cell membrane, ribosomes, genetic material
What structures do animal cells have that plant cells do not?
Flagella (sometimes in plants, mostly in animal cells)
What structures do plants cells have that animal cells do not?
Chloroplasts, cell walls, vacuoles