1. MEMBRANE-BOUND ORGANELLES
Nucleus
surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear membrane/envelope
nuclear pores are scattered over the surface of the nuclear envelope
ribosomes are partially assembled in the nucleolus
DNA is stored in the nucleus
controls all the cell’s activities

2. More Cell Organelles makes proteins
Ribosomes
makes proteins
some are suspended in the cytosol or cytoplasm and are “free” ribosomes

3. More Cell Organelles Endoplasmic Reticulum
ER, is an extensive system of internal membranes that transports proteins and other substances through the cell
rough ER has ribosomes attached
to it, it transports proteins
vesicle, is a small membrane-bound sac used to transport substances within cells (comes from the ER)
smooth ER lacks ribosomes, it makes lipids and breaks down toxic substances
(vesicle)

4. More Cell Organelles Golgi Apparatus
a set of flattened membrane-bound sacs that serves as the packaging and distribution center of the cell
it modifies proteins received in vesicles from ER and encloses them in new vesicles
Lysosome
are small spherical organelles that contains the cell’s digestive enzymes

5. More Cell Organelles Mitochondria
an organelle that harvests energy from organic compounds to make ATP
mitochondria have 2 membranes; outer membrane is smooth; inner membrane is folded with a large surface area
has DNA and ribosomes to make its own protein, however, most mitochondrial proteins are made by free ribosomes in the cytosol

6. More Cell Organelles
Vacuole
stores water and contains ions, nutrients, and waste
animal cells have small vacuoles and plant cells will have a large central vacuole; when full, it makes the cell rigid and this enables a plant to stand upright

7. More Cell Organelles
Centrioles
Divides DNA
during cell division

8. Structure of Plant Cells
1. cell wall
thick wall made of proteins and carbohydrates, including cellulose
helps support and maintain the shape of the cell, protects cell from damage, and connects it with adjacent cells
2. chloroplasts
uses light energy to make carbohydrates from CO2 and H2O
surrounded by 2 membranes and it contains it’s own DNA

9. Membrane Bound Organelles

10. Processing of Proteins