1. Cell Parts & Organelles
Organelle= “little organ”
Found only inside eukaryotic cells
The jelly like substance inside the cell is cytosol.
The plasma membrane as well as everything inside the cell except the nucleus is cytoplasm.
You may or may not wish to distinguish between cytosol and cytoplasm. The correct use of each term is shown here. Most high school textbooks, however, use the word “cytoplasm” to mean “cytosol.”

2. Endoplasmic Reticulum
A.K.A. “ER”
Connected to nuclear membrane
Extensive network of membranes
It’s not necessary that the students can read the labels here; just point out the black dots are ribosomes.

3. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Two types: rough and smooth
Both transport materials
Rough ER:
Studded with ribosomes on the exterior
Folding of proteins occurs in the lumen (cavity or open space)
Smooth ER:
No ribosomes
Synthesizes lipids and metabolizes carbohydrates in the lumen
It’s not necessary that the students can read the labels here; just point out the black dots are ribosomes.

4. Nucleolus Site of ribosome production and rRNA synthesis
Nonmembranous structure
One or more can be present
Microtubules are also part of the cytoskeleton.

5. Golgi Apparatus Looks like a stack of plates/pancakes
Shipping and receiving center: stores, modifies and packages proteins
Molecules transported to and from the Golgi by means of vesicles
Vesicles are tiny compartments that transport materials around, in, and out of the cell
AKA Golgi Complex. It is not necessary that the students read the labels, this diagram gives them a general idea of the Golgi’s shape.

6. Lysosomes Garbage disposal of the cell; cleans cell
Contain digestive enzymes that break down wastes
Many are found in animal cells
Few are found in
plant cells
Students should recognize the shapes of the Golgi and ER even if they cannot read the captions.

7. Vacuoles Large central vacuole usually in plant cells
Storage container
Also present in animal cells; however, much smaller

8. Cell Wall Found in plant and bacterial cells
Rigid, protective barrier that maintains cell’s shape
Located outside of the cell membrane
Contains cellulose
This is an actual microscopic image. Explain that the colors are added digitally to enhance the different parts.

9. Chloroplast
Found only in plant cells
Site of Photosynthesis

10. Mitochondria ENERGY - “Powerhouse of the cell”
Site of Cellular Respiration

11. Nucleus Control center of the cell
Contains DNA – Chromosomes (Carry Genetic Information)
Cells with more than one nucleus include muscle cells and liver cells, largely because of the massive volume of cytoplasm and number of organelles that need controlling.

12. That looks familiar…what is a polypeptide?
Ribosome
Site of protein synthesis
Found attached to rough ER or floating free in cytosol
Ribosomes are produced in a part of the nucleus called the nucleolus
A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids. In this diagram, you can see the ribosome is making a polypeptide, also known as a protein.
That looks familiar…what is a polypeptide?

13. Cytoskeleton Provides shape and structure
Helps move organelles around the cell
Actin, also found in muscle cells, mainly help maintain cell shape in their cytoskeletal role. Microtubules mostly move organelles around the cell. Intermediate filaments also provide structural support.

14. Centriole Aids in cell division Usually found only in animal cells
Microtubules are also part of the cytoskeleton.

15. Cell Membrane Controls what comes in and out of the cell
Emphasize word parts here:
phospho= phosphate head; lipid= fatty acid tail
bi= 2