CHINESE REVOLUTION - 1911 XINHAI REVOLUTION 10TH OCTOBER 1911 – 12TH FEBRUARY 1912 FOUR MONTHS AND TWO DAYS END TO IMPERIAL RULE AND FEUDALISM ESTABLISHED REPUBLIC OF CHINA

CAUSES POLITICAL CAUSES INEFFICIENT EMPERORS - MAL ADMN - CORRUPTION - DECENTRALISATION - DEFEAT IN SINO JAPANESE WAR 1894-95 - ANTI EUROPEAN AND MANCHU FEELING SOCIAL CAUSES POPULATION GROWTH- FEUDALISM- STANDARD OF LIVING- NO FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT- MISSIONARY ACTIVITIES

CAUSES ECONOMIC CAUSES LIMITED CULTIVABLE LAND- POOR ECONOMIC CONDITION- POWERFUL TAXATION- WAR INDEMNITIES IDEOLOGICAL CAUSES CONFUCIANISM- PROGRESSIVE INTELLECTUALS- WESTERN EDUCATION- MODERN CHINESE NATIONALISM- RACIAL AND NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS

CAUSES MILITARY CAUSES NO COOPERATION- DISLOYALITY- RGIONALISM- POOR PAY- CORRUPTION- LACK OF TRAINNING- NEW MILITARY(1896) ANTI MANCHU NATIONALISM QING REFORMS 1901-1911– EDUCATIONAL REFORMS(ABROAD)- POLITICAL REFORMS (DECENTRALISATION)- MILITARY REFORMS(REGIONAL)

CAUSES REVOLUTIONARY OPPOSITION NATIONALISM PEOPLE=CHANGE 90% CHINESE : 10% ETHNIC CHINESE(MANJU) TAIPING REBELLION: 1850-1864 BOXER REBELLION: 1899-1901 EMERGENCE OF SUNYATSEN

MAJOR EVENTS SUNYATSEN: EXPELLING FOEIGNERS- ERADICATING MANJU RULE- ESTABLISHING DEMOCRATIC CHINESE REPUBLIC: 1905: UNITED ALL REVOLUTINARY MOVEMENTS- CHINESE UNITED LEAGUE (TUNGMENGHUI) YUAN SHIHKAI: MILITARY LEADER OF QING 1911: UPRISING IN SZECHWAN NATIONALISATION OF RAILWAY LINE CONSTRUCTION 24TH AUGUST 1911 : STUDENTS 3RD JANUARY 1912 : YUAN: 50 GENERALS 1ST FEBRUARY 1912 : DOWAGER TRANSFERRED 12TH FEBRUARY 1912 : EMPEROR ABDICATED

RESULTS ABDICATION OF PUYI END OF 2000 YEARS OF IMPERIAL RULE ERA OF REPUBLIC ESTABLISHMENT OF PARLIAMENTARY FORM OF GOVERNMENT AND CONSTITUTION CIVIL WAR BETWEEN YUAN SHIHKAI AND SUNYATSEN CREATION OF KUOMINTANG OR NATIONAL PARTY ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL GOVERNMENT IN 1928 AT NANKING UNIFICATION OF CHINA