1. Overall Causes and Lead up to 1927
Chinese Civil War
Overall Causes and Lead up to 1927

2. White Board
What were two problems in China we discussed yesterday in class?

3. Long Term – Socioeconomic
1900 Manchu Dynasty was weak
Famine widespread
8% population growth vs 1% ag growth
Up to 80% ag tax
Tech and Western imports cut city jobs
Ag lacking any tech advance

4. Long Term – Political Weakness
Opium Wars = European nations gained Spheres of Influence
Boxer Rebellion fail- monks led unsuccessful uprising against Europeans and Japanese
Lack of Modernization-
Western imperialism

5. Discuss
What long term conditions existed in China that led to civil unrest?

6. Long Term – Overthrow of Manchu
1908 Pu Yi takes power
increases taxes
1911 Double Tenth revolution
1911 Dr Sun Yixian president of Chinese Republic
Sun gives Northern general Yuan Shikai presidency
Sun and and Yuan Shikai take full Power in 1912.
Pu Yi steps down
Sun Yixian

7. Long Term – Rule of Yuan Shikai
Military regime
Sun sets up GMD to unify China
Nationalism, Democracy, Reform
Yuan becomes more Repressive
Sun tries to overthrow Yuan
Yuan abolishes constitutional regional assemblies and declares himself emperor
Sun and General Jiang Jieshi team up
Yuan would abandon Empire 1916

8. Confusion? GMD is the same as the KMT = Nationalist
Different names for the same organization
Jiang Jieshi
Chiang Kai-shek

9. Discuss What is the significance of Sun Yixian?
What is the significance of Yuan Shikai?

10. Warlords of China
Discuss: What issues does this image highlight?

11. Short Term – May 4th Movement
China breaks into warlord districts
1919 May 4th movement
Students protest over War Lords, Traditional Chinese culture, and Japanese influence
Protesters look to Bolshevik revolution in Russia and support communism
Others support GMD Nationalists
GMD under Sun and communists unite 1922
goal of taking control over war lords

12. White Board
What goal united the CCP and the GMD?

13. Short term –Communists and Nationalists
1925 GMD not successful
Sun dies, Jiang Jieshi takes control
USSR supports GMD
New Chinese Communist party immerges
Mostly intellectuals
USSR urges CCP to aid GMD

14. Short Term - The First Front
Both GMD CCP want unification
1922 First United Front
Jiang leads with USSR back
Removed Communist from top political spots
Northern Expedition
1928 Warlords removed GMD and Jiang Control China

15. Immediate Cause – GMD attacks CCP
China not united (ideology)
CCP-
GMD-
CCP must be crushed, Jiang expels from Gov
White Terror
army killed 5k communist
Purification Movement 250k killed
1927 CCP retreats to mountains
Chinese civl war begins CCP communist vs GMD Nationalist