1. The Roots of Revolution
Imperialism in China
The Roots of Revolution

2. China Rejects Trade with West
1500’s – China had strict trade restrictions
Emperor Qianlong turned down requests for trading rights
Westerners wanted silk, tea, porcelain, etc.
1700’s - Westerners were interested in trading with China
China Rejects Trade with West

3. 2. Industrial Revolution in Europe
Late 1700’s in China
Peasants are having a hard time producing enough food
Peasant revolts
2. Industrial Revolution in Europe
Increased military power to pursue trading rights
1. Qing Dynasty begins to decline
Europeans Gain Ground

5. Late 1700’s - Britain begins to sell opium from India in China
Many Chinese become addicted
Used Chinese silver to pay
Chinese government tried to limit drug trade and drug use
Harsh punishments for users and smugglers
Opium Sale in China

11. 1839 – Chinese destroy a British shipment of opium (China’s Boston Tea Party)
War breaks out
Britain has superior military technology
Britain defeats China in the Opium Wars
Opium Wars

12. Opium Wars (Anglo-Chinese Wars) 1839 - 1842 and 1856 - 1860

13. Chinese concessions after Opium Wars
Emperor agreed to pay for destroyed opium
Gave Britain territory of Hong Kong
Opened other ports to trade with British
Westerners gained extraterritoriality
Chinese concessions after Opium Wars
The Treaty of Nanjing

14. An area in which a foreign nation has special economic privileges
Spheres of Influence
An area in which a foreign nation has special economic privileges
Right to build railroads, factories, etc.
Leads to political influence

15. Sino-Japanese War Late 1800’s Japan defeats China
Japan is rapidly modernizing and industrializing
Japan defeats China
Japan wins Formosa (Taiwan)
Extends influence over Korea
Sino-Japanese War

16. Open Door Policy Policy failed
United States called for an “Open Door” Policy in China
All nations would have equal access to trade with China
Was supposed to prevent European nations from setting up colonies in China
Real reason: United States arrived in China after Japan and most European nations had already established their territory
Policy failed
Open Door Policy

18. Loss of territory to foreigners
Peasant Revolts
Signs of Weakness

19. Taiping Rebellion >20 million killed Dynasty was greatly weakened
>20 million killed
Qing dynasty crushed rebellion
Dynasty was greatly weakened
Marked beginning of decline of the Qing Dynasty
Some wanted reforms in government and society
Taiping Rebellion

20. 100 DAYS OF REFORMS Reforms under emperor Guang Xi Government Response
What did the reformers want?
Reforms under emperor Guang Xi
Factories for modern weapons
Sent men abroad to study
Updates to civil service exams
Western style schools
Economic changes
Western technology
Preservation of Confucian culture
100 DAYS OF REFORMS

21. Seized power in 1898 Opposition to Reforms
Ci Xi
(Empress)
Seized power in 1898
Believed that reforms threatened traditional Confucian order
Opposition to Reforms

22. Foreign armies in Beijing’s forbidden city
Anti-foreign Chinese formed the Fists of Righteous Harmony (Boxers)
Boxers attacked and killed Chinese Christians and foreigners
Western powers crushed Boxers with international army
China was now forced to allow foreign troops on Chinese land and warships on the water
The Boxer Rebellion

23. The End of Imperial Rule
Revolution of 1911
Puyi
The Last Qing Emperor
China declared itself a republic
No organized government from
Civil war
Country in pieces
The End of Imperial Rule