1. The Roots of Revolution
Imperialism in China
The Roots of Revolution

2. China Rejects Trade with West
1500’s – China had strict trade restrictions
“I set no value on strange objects and have no use for your country’s manufacturers.”
Emperor Qianlong turned down requests for trading rights
1700’s - Westerners were interested in trading with China
China Rejects Trade with West

3. Late 1700’s in China – Qing Dynasty begins to decline
2. Peasants begin to revolt against the Dynasty
1. Decrease in food production
Results in the allowance of foreign trade in the port city of Guangzhou

5. KOWTOW, or bow low to the Chinese Emperor

6. Late 1700’s - Britain begins to sell opium from India in China
Many Chinese become addicted
China demanded payment in Silver for silks, teas, porcelains
Chinese government tried to limit drug trade and drug use
Harsh punishments, Death Penalty…Nothing worked
Opium Sale in China

12. Opium War (1839-42 & 1856-60) Emperor outlawed opium
Chinese destroyed a shipment of opium
Britain declared war on China
Chinese military was outdated
British easily won

13. Opium Wars (Anglo-Chinese Wars) 1839 - 1842 and 1856 - 1860

14. Treaty of Nanjing, 1842 Pay Britain $21 million for destroyed opium
Turn Hong Kong over to the British
Give trading privileges to other countries
Allow foreigners to travel throughout China
Allow Christian missionaries to spread religion throughout China
Westerners granted extraterritoriality
Treaty of Nanjing, 1842

15. Taiping Rebellion >20 million peasants killed
>20 million peasants killed
Qing dynasty crushed rebellion
Dynasty was greatly weakened
Marked beginning of decline of the Qing Dynasty
Some wanted reforms in government and society
Taiping Rebellion

16. Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) Late 1800’s Japan defeats China
Japan is rapidly modernizing and industrializing
1800’s Western nations and Japan began winning spheres of influence in China
Japan defeats China
Japan wins Formosa (Taiwan)
Extends influence over Korea
Sino-Japanese War ( )

17. An area in which a foreign nation has special economic privileges
Spheres of Influence
An area in which a foreign nation has special economic privileges
Right to build railroads, factories, etc.
Leads to political influence

18. John Hay Secretary of State, 1898
In office under William McKinley and T. Roosevelt
Negotiated the Open Door Policy, which kept China open to trade with all countries on an equal basis
Secretary of State, 1898

19. Open Door Policy Policy failed
United States called for an “Open Door” Policy in China
All nations would have equal access to trade with China
Was supposed to prevent European nations from setting up colonies in China
Real reason: United States arrived in China after Japan and most European nations had already established their territory
Policy failed
Open Door Policy

20. 100 DAYS OF REFORMS (1898) Reforms under emperor Guang Xi
What did the reformers want?
Government Response
Reforms under emperor Guang Xi
Factories for modern weapons
Sent men abroad to study
Updates to civil service exams
Western style schools
Economic changes
Western technology
Preservation of Confucian culture
100 DAYS OF REFORMS (1898)

21. Seized power in 1898 Opposition to Reforms
Dowager Cixi
(Empress)
Seized power in 1898
Believed that reforms threatened traditional Confucian order
Opposition to Reforms

22. The Boxer Rebellion 1898-1901 Righteous and Harmonious Fists
Concern over too many foreigners in China
Anti-Foreign & Anti-Christian
Desire to maintain traditional Confucian culture
Boxers attacked & killed Christians & foreigners
19,0000 members of an International army crushed the Boxers

23. Foreign armies in Beijing’s forbidden city
The Boxer Rebellion
Foreign armies in Beijing’s forbidden city

24. The End of Imperial Rule
Revolution of 1911
Puyi
The Last Qing Emperor
China declared itself a republic
No organized government from
Civil war
Country in pieces
The End of Imperial Rule