1. Qing Dynasty entered long period of decline
Two late 1700’s developments that had major effects on China’s relations with the West.
Qing Dynasty entered long period of decline
Slow to modernize
Lose of land to foreigners, high taxes, increasing peasant population, limited land, food shortages, corruption, civil service examine archaic
Industrial Revolution (Europe):
British East Indian Co.
Military superiority to challenge the Chinese

2. Describe differences between Gentry & Peasants
no physical labor
government officials
time and wealth to support the arts
physical labor
little to do with how nation was ruled
poor and most of their day working

3. Organization of Social Classes
Gentry
Peasants
Artisans
Merchants
Soldiers

4. Key Vocab From Section 5 Guomindang Kowtow Low bow to show respect
Extraterritoriality
principle of allowing westerners accused of a crime in China to be tried in special, western-run courts instead of Chinese courts
Sphere of influence
area of a country in which a foreign nation has special economic privileges and political influence; form of imperialism
Long March
Communist retreat led by Mao from southeastern China to Shaanxi as they fled from Chiang’s armies in 1934 to regroup and plan for the future
Nationalist attempt to get rid of Communists
Three Principles of the People
Sun Yatsens’s goals for China that called for nationalism, democracy, and a decent living for all Chinese people
Guomindang
Chinese Nationalist Party

5. Section 5: People Chiang Kai-shek
took over as leader of the Guomindang after Sun Yatsen’s death in 1925 and, by 1928, brought China under Guomindang control
Sun Yatsen
the founder of the Guomindang and considered the father of modern China
Mao Zedong
the late 1920’s and 1930’s, he emerged as the leader of the Chinese Communist Party

6. Wars/Revolutions Taiping Revolution
the most serious peasant uprising against the Qing Dynasty; lasted 14 years and resulted in more than 50 million deaths
Boxer Rebellion
a rebellion by anti-foreign Chinese who wanted to expel all foreigners resulted in foreign troops on Chinese soil
Opium Wars
Anti-foreign, opened China to the West
Treaty of Nanjing: ends Opium War
Revolution of 1911
refers to the ending of dynastic rule in China and its declaration as a republic