1. The Age of Imperialism (1800–1914)
Lesson 5 China and the West

2. The Age of Imperialism (1800–1914) Lesson 5 China and the West
Learning Objectives
Describe how Westerners tried to gain trade rights in China.
Explain how reformers tried to strengthen China.
Understand why the Qing dynasty fell.

3. The Age of Imperialism (1800–1914) Lesson 5 China and the West
Key Terms
balance of trade
trade surplus,
trade deficit
Opium War.
indemnity,
extraterritoriality,
Taiping Rebellion
Sino-Japanese War.
Open Door Policy,
Guang Xu
Boxer Uprising.
Sun Yixian

4. Economic Interest in China
For centuries, Chinese regulations had strictly controlled foreign trade, ensuring that China had a favorable balance of trade with other nations. Balance of trade refers to the difference in value between how much a country imports and how much it exports. By the 1800s, however, Western nations were using their growing power to weave a web of influence over East Asia, which tilted the balance of trade in their favor.

5. Economic Interest in China
China had trade surplus against most Westerners
Westerners only allowed to trade in a few ports
Trade deficit
British hated this, wanted more trading rights
The Opium War
British merchants sell opium to Chinese
Illegal in China, but very lucrative
Chinese destroyed shipment of opium, clashed with British navy
Started first Opium War
GB easily won- superior ships and technology
Unequal Treaties
Treaty of Nanjing
Indemnity
Extraterritoriality
Most favored nation clause
Hong Kong
Other Europeans eventually did the same

6. Economic Interest in China
Chinese merchants examine goods, including porcelain, which was highly prized by European buyers.

7. The Taiping Rebellion and a Weakened China
By the 1800s, the Qing dynasty was in decline. Irrigation systems and canals were poorly maintained, leading to massive flooding of the Yellow River valley. The population explosion that had begun a century earlier created great hardships for China’s peasants as they tried to feed more and more people.

8. The Taiping Rebellion and a Weakened China
Qing dynasty weakening
Corruption, population explosion
Taiping Rebellion- led by poor peasant Hong Xuiquan
Rallied peasants to overthrow Qing
Possibly 20 million die
Qing dynasty shell of itself

9. The Taiping Rebellion and a Weakened China
Troops from the Qing dynasty clash with peasant rebels during the Taiping Rebellion.

10. Reform Efforts in China
By the mid-1800s, educated Chinese were divided over the need to reform China by adopting Western ways. Most saw no reason to build new industries because China’s wealth came from land. Although Chinese merchants were allowed to do business, they were not seen as a source of economic prosperity for the country.

11. Reform Efforts in China
Self-Strengthening Movement
Westernized on a limited basis
Railroads, industry, shipyards
The Sino-Japanese War
Japan westernized much faster
Needed resources
Sino-Japanese War- China defeated
Spheres of Influence
Westerners carved out their own parts of China to control
US- wanted Open Door Policy-
Hundred Days of Reform
Guang Xu- modernize China
Conservatives arrested the emperor

12. Reform Efforts in China
Empress Ci Xi retired as ruler of China in However, after radical reforms made by the new emperor, her nephew, Guang Xu, led to his imprisonment, she once again assumed power.

13. Reform Efforts in China
Analyze Maps Western powers carved out spheres of influence throughout China. What area was occupied by Japan beginning in 1897?

14. The Fall of the Qing Dynasty
By 1900, China was in turmoil. Anger against foreigners was growing. While the Chinese welcomed some Western ideas, they resented Christian missionaries who showed little respect for Chinese traditions and Confucian ideas. The presence of foreign troops was another source of discontent.

15. The Fall of the Qing Dynasty
The Boxer Uprising
“Dogs and Chinese not allowed”
Boxer Rebellion- anti-foreigner feelings- 1899
Try to kill “foreign devils
Westerners fought together to defeat Boxers
Consequences of the Uprising
Took more control
Growth of Chinese Nationalism
Sun Yixan-
3 Principles
Free from foreign domination
Democracy
Economic security
A Republic Is Born
Qing dynasty toppled in 1911
Sun became prez in 1912

16. The Fall of the Qing Dynasty
Chinese rebels nicknamed Boxers wanted to drive out foreigners from their country. Identify Cause and Effect Why were the Boxers angry about the foreign presence in China?

17. Quiz: Economic Interest in China
What helped the British reverse their trade deficit with China?
A. the increased input of the Industrial Revolution
B. the increased demand for Western goods
C. the popularity of imported opium in China
D. the lifting of trade regulations

18. Quiz: The Taiping Rebellion and a Weakened China
What was the main motivation behind the Taiping Rebellion?
A. China’s increasing trade deficit
B. hatred of the Qing dynasty
C. the outlawing of opium
D. treaties with the West

19. Quiz: Reform Efforts in China
Describe the United States’ role in carving out spheres of influence in China.
A. The United States dictated how the territories would be divided.
B. The United States was opposed to European countries taking Chinese territory.
C. The United States did not take territory but proposed open trade.
D. The United States took control of territory that would help their trade.

20. Quiz: The Fall of the Qing Dynasty
What was the main goal of the Boxer Uprising?
A. to help correct China’s balance of trade
B. to drive out foreign influences
C. to overthrow the empress
D. to modernize China