Notes 4.2 –France 4.3-England

Summary of Section 2 St. Bartholomew’s Day-massacre of Huguenots Henry IV comes to power and has to convert to Catholicism to keep the peace He passes the Edict of Nantes to allow religious tolerance for the Huguenots Henry worried more about the country and less about religion

Summary cont. Henry laid the foundation for future monarchs to rule with absolute power He died in 1610 and his 9 yr. old son took power-Louis XIII He appointed Cardinal Richelieu to help him rule Richelieu destroyed the power of the Huguenots and nobles

Louis XIV When Louis XIV came to power at 5 he received the help of Mazarin By 23 yrs. Old Mazarin died and Louis takes control over France He becomes the sun king-sun represents absolute power The Estates General didn’t meet from 1614- 1789. What does this mean?

Colbert Louis’ financial advisor was brilliant with money and helped make France the richest state in Europe Louis XIV bought a hunting lodge and turned it into the palace of Versailles It’s a symbol of his wealth and power

Video Clip-Palace of Versailles http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vozzXRIE Dhw Creating the Palace of Versailles video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X235vpO ToVU

Louis Court Ceremonies Perfected elaborate ceremonies Made his major rituals serve a serious purpose Levee-ceremonies of his rising, holding his washbasin, handing him his shoes, etc.

Louis XIV continued Louis ruled France for 72 years Rulers of other nations joined forces to maintain the balance of power Philip V, grandson of Louis, inherited the Spanish throne The other European countries led by England fought to keep Spain and France from uniting

War The War of the Spanish Succession lasted until 1713 They signed the Treaty of Utrecht –France agreed to never unite the two crowns

Parliament triumphs in England 4.3 Notes Parliament triumphs in England

Tudors Henry worked with parliament to Break from the Catholic Church Approve the Act of Supremacy To levy new taxes

Stuarts Elizabeth died and had no children She left the throne to James Stuart king of Scotland Stuart family didn’t get along with parliament as well Stuart lectured Parliament about divine right James I needed to raise taxes –he dissolved parliament and collected taxes on his own

Charles I 1625 Charles I inherited the throne He behaved like an absolute monarch He needed to raise money so he had to summon Parliament-made them sign the Petition of Right He dissolved Parliament and ignored them for the next 11 years

Civil War Greatest political revolution in English history Parliament executed Charles I chief ministers, called for abolition of bishops and declared that Parliament couldn’t be dissolved without its own consent Civil War 1642-1651

Cavaliers v. Roundheads Charles I supporters-Cavaliers (wealthy nobles) Led by Oliver Cromwell-Parliaments supporters- Roundheads (country gentry, Puritan clergy, manufacturers) Cromwell and the Roundheads won, they put the king on trial He was executed in January 1649 This message told England that no ruler could claim absolute power and ignore the rule of the law

England becomes a republic House of Commons abolished the monarchy, House of Lords, and the church of England After a decade of strict rule, Cromwell dies England becomes a monarchy again Parliament invites Charles II to return to England from exile He was popular, reopened theaters and taverns

James II Charles’ brother inherited the throne in 1685 He was openly Catholic and this angered his subjects Parliamentary leaders invited James’ daughter Mary and her husband William III to become rulers of England When they arrived, James fled and this event is known as the Glorious Revolution

English Bill of Rights Before they were crowned, William and Mary had to accept the English Bill of Rights It ensured the superiority of Parliament over the monarchy Bill of Rights gave them the power of the purse, no Roman Catholics on the throne, trial by jury, habeas corpus Glorious Revolution created a limited monarchy

Constitutional Government Evolves Political parties emerge Cabinet system Prime Minister