1. ABSOLUTISM

2. Can rule as long as she wants Can only serve for a limited time
What Makes a Monarch?
ELIZABETH II
Inherits Power
Can rule as long as she wants
OBAMA
Elected by the People
Can only serve for a limited time

3. Okay, but what is an ABSOLUTE MONARCH?
Unlimited power to rule
Divine Right
Rules over all people (known as subjects)
Answers to no one
Laws may by arbitrary
Usually supported by upper class (aristocracy)
Okay, but what is an ABSOLUTE MONARCH?

4. How was this possible? The Crusades broke the hold of feudalism
Trade re-started, which led to the development of towns and cities
People looked to a unifying source for protection of trade
The Black Death further destroyed feudalism
Kings replaced the nobility as the source of law and protection

5. Spanish Hapsburg Family

6. Royal Family Name: Hapsburgs Charles V
SPAIN
Royal Family Name: Hapsburgs
Charles V
Rules Spain and the Holy Roman Empire
Divides Empire into two parts
Philip II
Rules over Spain and colonies
Spent money
Sent Spanish Armada which was defeated by England!

7. Austrian Hapsburgs

8. Holy Roman Empire
Germany did not yet exist, instead there were many German states creating the Holy Roman Empire
With both Protestants and Catholics wanting to be in power, the 30 Years War broke out in Ferdinand of Austria was the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor
In 1648, the Peace of Westphalia ended the war, but the Holy Roman Empire was weakened, and each German state had its own leader
Austria emerged as a leading German state

9. Hohenzollern Family

10. Prussia Protestant German state
Frederick I placed great emphasis on the military
Emerged as a direct challenge to Austria

11. Romanov Family

12. Royal Family Name: Romanov Ivan the Terrible Centralized power
RUSSIA
Royal Family Name: Romanov 
Ivan the Terrible
Centralized power
Harsh ruler
Personal Police
Slaughtered rebellious nobles
Destroyed towns suspected of disloyalty
   
Peter the Great
Created largest army in Europe
Westernized Russia
Built new capital of St. Petersburg

13. Bourbon Family
Louis XIV

14. FRANCE – THE EPITOME OF ABSOLUTE MONARCHY
Royal Family Name: Bourbon
Louis XIV – The Sun King
Inherits at age 5 in 1643 – rules 72 years
Expanded bureaucracy
Built Palace of Versailles
Organized powerful army

16. Tudor Monarchs

17. ENGLAND – LIMITED MONARCHY
Royal Family Name: Tudor
Henry VIII
Divorced wives
Started the Church of England
Controlled by the Magna Carta
Worked well with Parliament
Elizabeth I
Creates the Elizabethan Age
Defeats Spanish Armada
England becomes superpower of the time
Dies without marrying – no heirs

18. UT-OH!!!!
What will England do?

19. Stuart Monarchs

20. Nearest male relative – King of Scotland Roman Catholic
The Stuart Monarchs
James I –
Nearest male relative – King of Scotland
Roman Catholic
Believes in Divine Right
Conflicts: Parliament (which he dissolved)
  Created own taxes
  Angered Puritans  
Charles I – (son of James I)
Continued absolutist policies
Put enemies in jail without trial
Imposed very high taxes
  Dissolved Parliament
Resulted in English Civil War (Puritan Revolution)
  Charles executed for treason
Oliver Cromwell – leader of the Puritans
No one likes him – he’s out in 1658  

21. More Stuarts

22. HERE WE GO AGAIN The Restoration: Charles II (son of Charles I)
Reigns from
James II – (brother of Charles II)
Catholic
Absolutist
Attitude Plus – Removed from power

23. William and Mary

24. FINALLY – THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION
James II’s daughter, Mary, and her husband, William, are invited to rule, providing that:
They signed the ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS
They agreed to work with Parliament
They gave the House of Commons complete financial control
Agreed to the right of habeas corpus, which means that you cannot be arrested without knowing why
This all resulted in a limited monarchy in England

25. THE END (at least for now!)