Ch 7 Cellular Respiration Ch 3 Biochemistry Ch 6 Photosynthesis SPI’s: 1.3- Distinguish between proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. 1.4-Identify positive tests for carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. 3.1-Intrept a diagram that illustrates energy flow in an ecosystem. 3.2-Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. 3.3 –Compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of energy transformation Ch 7 Cellular Respiration

tend to prevent great fluctuations in pH. Bellringer # 1 Buffers tend to prevent great fluctuations in pH. are of relatively little importance in living things. are formed when a large number of hydronium ions are released in a solution. are formed when a large number of hydroxide ions are released in a solution. Clear desk except for scantron, test packet, and highlighter.

How many electrons are in Carbon’s outer energy level? 5 4 3 2 Bellringer # 2 How many electrons are in Carbon’s outer energy level? 5 4 3 2 Open text to pg 51. Set up notes for 3.1.

Chapter 3 Table of Contents Section 1 Carbon Compounds Biochemistry Table of Contents Section 1 Carbon Compounds Section 2 Molecules of Life

Chapter 3 Objectives Section 1 Carbon Compounds Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds. Explain the importance of carbon bonding in biological molecules. Identify functional groups in biological molecules. Summarize how large carbon molecules are synthesized and broken down. Describe how the breaking down of ATP supplies energy to drive chemical reactions.

Carbon Compounds Most of the molecules from which living organisms are made are based on the element carbon.

Organic compounds contain carbon atoms and are found in living things. Section 1 Carbon Compounds Chapter 3 Carbon Bonding Organic compounds contain carbon atoms and are found in living things. Most inorganic compounds do not contain carbon atoms.

Carbon Bonding, continued Section 1 Carbon Compounds Chapter 3 Carbon Bonding, continued Carbon atoms can readily form 4 covalent bonds with other atoms including other carbon. This allows C to form a wide variety of simple and complex organic compounds.

Section 1 Carbon Compounds Chapter 3 Carbon Bonding

Section 1 Carbon Compounds Chapter 3 Functional Groups Functional groups are groups of atoms that influence the properties of molecules and the chemical reactions in which the molecules participate.

Large Carbon Molecules Many carbon compounds are built up from smaller, simpler molecules called monomers. Monomers bond to one another to form polymers. Large polymers are called macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids)

Section 1 Carbon Compounds Chapter 3 Large Carbon Molecules cont. Condensation reactions join monomers (small simple molecules) to form polymers, which releases water as a by-product. In a hydrolysis reaction, water is used to split polymers into monomers.

Section 1 Carbon Compounds Chapter 3 Energy Currency Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stores and releases energy during cell processes, enabling organisms to function.

Carbon Organic compound Functional group Monomer Polymer 3.1 Vocab Carbon Organic compound Functional group Monomer Polymer 6. Macromolecule 7. Condensation reaction 8. Hydrolysis 9. Adenosine triphosphate 10. Hydrophilic

Chapter 3 Objectives Section 2 Molecules of Life Distinguish between monosaccharides, disaccharides,and polysaccharides. Explain the relationship between amino acids and protein structure. Describe the induced fit model of enzyme action. Compare the structure and function of each of the different types of lipids. Compare the nucleic acids DNA and RNA.

Large Carbon molecules are synthesized by Hydrolysis reactions Bellringer #3 Large Carbon molecules are synthesized by Hydrolysis reactions Acidic reactions Condensation reactions Covalent reactions Open text to pg. 55 set up notes for 3.2.

There are 4 main classes of organic compounds:

composed of ratio of 1 carbon : 2 hydrogen : 1 oxygen. Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 1. Carbohydrates composed of ratio of 1 carbon : 2 hydrogen : 1 oxygen. source of energy used as structural materials in organisms.

Chapter 3 Carbohydrates Section 2 Molecules of Life Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

Carbohydrates are made up of monomers called monosaccharides. Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 Carbohydrates, continued Monosaccharides Carbohydrates are made up of monomers called monosaccharides.

Disaccharides and Polysaccharides Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 Carbohydrates, continued Disaccharides and Polysaccharides 2 monosaccharides join to form a double sugar called a disaccharide. A complex sugar, or polysaccharide, is made of 3 or more monosaccharides.

Chapter 3 Disaccharides Section 2 Molecules of Life Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 2. Proteins composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. have many functions including structural, defensive, and catalytic roles.

Proteins are made up of monomers called amino acids. Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 Proteins, continued Amino Acids Proteins are made up of monomers called amino acids. The sequence of amino acids determines a protein’s shape and function.

Chapter 3 Amino Acids Section 2 Molecules of Life Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

Dipeptides and Polypeptides Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 Proteins, continued Dipeptides and Polypeptides 2 amino acids joined by peptide bonds form a dipeptide. long chain of amino acids: polypeptide.

Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 Structure of Proteins

Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 Proteins, continued Enzymes speed up chemical reactions and bind to specific substrates which causes a change in the enzyme’s shape and reduces the activation energy of the reaction.

Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 Enzyme Activity

The building blocks of proteins are called _________. Peptides Bellringer # 4 The building blocks of proteins are called _________. Peptides Amino acids Monosaccharides Fatty acids Open text to pg 59. GET OUT notes for 3.2.

nonpolar molecules that store a lot of energy Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 3. Lipids nonpolar molecules that store a lot of energy important part of cell membranes.

Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 Lipids, continued Fatty Acids Most lipids contain fatty acids: unbranched carbon molecules that have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.

Chapter 3 Fatty Acids Section 2 Molecules of Life Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

consist of 3 fatty acids and 1 molecule of glycerol. Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 Lipids, continued Triglycerides consist of 3 fatty acids and 1 molecule of glycerol.

Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 Lipids, continued Phospholipids make up cell membranes, consist of 2 fatty acids and 1 glycerol molecule. The Inability of lipids to dissolve in water allows cell membrane to form a barrier between inside and outside of cell.

1 long fatty acid chain joined to 1 long alcohol. waterproof Steroids Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 Lipids, continued Waxes 1 long fatty acid chain joined to 1 long alcohol. waterproof Steroids 4 fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached.

stores and transports information. 2 major types: Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 4. Nucleic Acids large and complex stores and transports information. 2 major types: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA): determines characteristics of organism and directs cell activities Ribonucleic acid (RNA): stores and transfers information from DNA. plays roles in building proteins and can act as enzymes.

Structure of Nucleic Acids Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 Structure of Nucleic Acids

Chapter 3 Nucleic Acids Section 2 Molecules of Life Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

6. Fatty Acid 7. Nucleic Acid 8. Phospholipid 9. Wax 10. Steroid 3.2 Vocab Carbohydrate Protein Amino acid Lipid Hydrophobic 6. Fatty Acid 7. Nucleic Acid 8. Phospholipid 9. Wax 10. Steroid