Chapter 3 Section1

What is Population Density? Focus Question What is Population Density?

Human Geography Geographers are interested in people as well as the physical environment Where People Live More than 7 billion people live on the earth. Population density Average number of people per square mile or kilometer. Natural obstacles greatly restrict where people live Water, deserts, mountains, islands The environment determines how people must live

Population Growth Population Density Population growth Divide the total population of a region by the land area Can be misleading Usable land (doesn't estimate water, mountains, and other obstacles) Population growth Technology Medical care Comparing Growth Rates Birthrate-number of live births per year per1,000 people Death rate-number of deaths per year per 1,000 people Immigration rates (people coming into) Emigration rate (people exiting) Zero Population growth

Nature of Culture Differences in population pattern are in part differences in culture Cultural hearth Place where important ideas begin and from where they spread Language Cornerstone of culture Reflects a cultures identity Religion Important aspect of culture Helps people answer basic questions

Nature of Culture Social Organization Women and Minorities Social structure are in each culture Helps people work together People know their role Women and Minorities Social limits are often placed on women and minorities Discrimination Violence

Cultural Change Cultures are change by internal and external influences Cultural Convergence Skills, arts, ideas, and habits of one culture come into contact with those of another culture. Today because of technology we see a lot of convergence Diffusion is how a cultural element is transmitted Cultural Divergence Restriction of a culture from outside cultural influences Restrict movement of ideas and goods

Focus Question What is the difference between cultural convergence and cultural divergence?

Section 2

What is a cultural hearth? Focus Question What is a cultural hearth?

Countries of the World Two important traits of culture are its political and economic systems There are nearly 200 independent countries in the world All have 4 specific characteristics that define them Clear territories Population Sovereignty Government

Territory Land, water, landforms, and natural recourses make up part of the territory Russia is the largest territory 6.5 million sq. miles Vatican city is the smallest territory at 0.17sq miles The United States is 3.7 million sq. miles Resources are more important than size Countries usually fight over land or resources Geographic factors influence a nations power to control territory

Population The size of the population does not determine the existence of a country Courtiers vary in both size and makeup of their populations Some countries have lands that are unpopulated Some countries have a diverse population As citizens of a nation people are usually assured of protection from their government In return citizens pay taxes, sere in the military, or carry out other obligations Sovereignty means freedom from outside forces

Types of Government Institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies and provides common needs Government Structure Nearly every country contains smaller units States, provinces, republics Unitary system Federation Confederation Authoritarian Dictatorship Totalitarianism Monarchy democracy

Types of Economies Traditional Economy- people are consumed in their own family or village. There is little left over for trade Market Economy-great freedom to individuals and groups (free enterprise) Command Economy- controlled by a single or central government

What are the three types of economies? Focus Question What are the three types of economies?

What are 4 types of energy? Focus Question What are 4 types of energy?