Intro to Cell Biology Review

Organism that can make its own food What is the science that studies living things?   BIOLOGY Organism that can make its own food AUTOTROPH

Tell what it does in cells. Name this molecule   ATP Tell what it does in cells. Store and transfer energy; rechargeble battery

Maintaining stable internal conditions Another name for a heterotroph   CONSUMER Maintaining stable internal conditions HOMEOSTASIS

What kind of reproduction makes offspring using the DNA from Another name for an autotroph   Producer What kind of reproduction makes offspring using the DNA from only one parent? ASEXUAL

dehydration synthesis Name this reaction dehydration synthesis OR hydrolysis http://www.usd116.org/apalla/biology/unit3/notes/3notes1.htm dehydration synthesis

Another name for a “living thing” http://school.discovery.com/clipart/clip/ani-turtle.html Another name for a “living thing” organism The carbohydrate molecule that cells burn to release energy glucose

enzyme active site substrate A = ________________ B = ________________ Name the following in the enzyme catalyzed reaction: Image by Riedell enzyme A = ________________ B = ________________ C = ________________ D = ________________ E = ________________ active site substrate enyzme-substrate complex products

Which part of a phospholipid molecule is non- polar? Head tails Tails are non polar

What do we call an organism made of many cells? An organism that CAN’T make its own food   heterotroph What do we call an organism made of many cells? multicellular

HYDROLYSIS Name this reaction dehydration synthesis OR hydrolysis http://www.usd116.org/apalla/biology/unit3/notes/images/Hydrolysis.jpg HYDROLYSIS

What do we call an organism made of only one cell? Type of reproduction in which offspring come from the combination of DNA from 2 parents   SEXUAL What do we call an organism made of only one cell? UNICELLULAR

Which of the following describe YOU? multicellular autotroph unicellular heterotroph   MULTICELLULAR HETEROTROPH

↑ Which of these molecules is a carbohydrate?

Give the chemical symbol for each: Carbon _____ Sodium ion ____ Oxygen _____ Potassium ion ___ Nitrogen ____ Chloride ion ___ Phosphorus ____ Hydrogen ion ___ Hydrogen ___ C Na+ O K+ N Cl- P H+ H

All the chemical reactions that build up and break down molecules in living things   METABOLISM A signal that an organism responds to is called a __________ STIMULUS Image from: http://www.travel-net.com/~andrews/images/animations/traffic.gif

The process by which organisms as a group change over time; Process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organism EVOLUTION What do we call embryonic cells that have the potential to become different kinds of cells?   STEM CELLS

The process by which cells change to become different kinds of cells with different functions DIFFERENTIATION ATOMS with an electric charge are called _________ IONS

Which part of a phospholipid molecule is polar? Head tails Head is polar

Cellulose _________ is the polysaccharide that makes plants STURDY   MOLECULES that have an uneven pattern of electric charge with more + in one area; more - in another POLAR

hydrophilic Name this molecule Polar molecules are ____________ hydrophobic hydrophilic hydrophilic Name this molecule glucose

DNA and RNA are ___________ NON polar molecules are ____________ hydrophobic hydrophilic hydrophobic DNA and RNA are ___________ Lipids carbohydrates nucleic acids proteins Nucleic acids

The place on an enzyme where Molecules that are “water fearing” and try to stay away from water or other polar molecules   hydrophobic The place on an enzyme where the substrate attaches is called the ___________ active site http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/cat-removed/enzyme

The macromolecules that can act as enzymes are ___________ Molecules that are “water loving” and try to be near water or other polar molecules hydrophilic The macromolecules that can act as enzymes are ___________ Lipids carbohydrates nucleic acids proteins PROTEINS

Nucleic acids Proteins Polysaccharide Match the building block with the molecule it makes. Proteins nucleic acids lipids polysaccharide ____________________ Nucleotide and amino acid images by Riedell Nucleic acids Proteins Polysaccharide Glucose from: http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html

The attraction between the hydrogen atom in one molecule and the negatively charged part of a nearby molecule is an example of a _____________ BOND  HYDROGEN What molecule attaches to the active site and is the reactant in an enzyme reaction? substrate

↑ Which of these molecules is used by cells to store and transport energy?

Dehydration synthesis Reaction that forms a bond by removing an H and OH to make a water molecule Dehydration synthesis Which ending is found at the end of most enzyme names? -ASE

Reaction that breaks a bond by adding an H and OH from a water molecule HYDROLYSIS What do we call molecules that speed up chemical reactions in living things? ENZYMES

Which part of a phospholipid molecule is hydrophobic? Head tails Tails are hydrophobic

Name the molecule that controls blood sugar What is it called when a protein unwinds?  denaturing Name the molecule that controls blood sugar insulin

Name the molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the body   What can cause enzymes to denature?   pH and temperature Name the molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the body HEMOGLOBIN

↑ Which of these molecules could be used to make an RNA molecule?

Which nitrogen base always bonds with T in a DNA molecule? Molecules made of MANY SUGAR molecules are called ____________   polysaccharides Which nitrogen base always bonds with T in a DNA molecule? A

Which nitrogen base always bonds with G in a DNA molecule? Glycogen, starch, and cellulose are ____________ Lipids polysaccharides proteins nucleic acids   polysaccharides Which nitrogen base always bonds with G in a DNA molecule? C

↑ Which of these molecules stores genetic info?

Phospholipids & proteins  Which macromolecules are important in making cell membranes?   Phospholipids & proteins Which molecule makes up the genetic code? DNA

Which molecule carries information from DNA out to the cell and helps Which molecules helps in identifying “self”? glycoproteins Which molecule carries information from DNA out to the cell and helps with protein synthesis? RNA

Which ION is measured with a pH scale and determines acidity? Which molecule stores and transports energy in cells?   ATP Which ION is measured with a pH scale and determines acidity? H+

glucose Name this molecule Which molecule is burned by cells for energy?   glucose Name this molecule glycoprotein

Name this molecule   phospholipid

This is a subunit used to make ______________ Name this molecule   NUCLEOTIDE This is a subunit used to make ______________ Nucleic acids

Which part of a phospholipid molecule is hydrophilic? Head tails Head is hydrophilic

This is a subunit that could be used to make a Name this molecule   AMINO ACID This is a subunit that could be used to make a _______________ PROTEIN

Nucleic acids are built from subunits called __________ Animal cells store their glucose as ____________   glycogen Nucleic acids are built from subunits called __________ nucleotides

PROTEINS are built from subunits called _______________ Plants cells store their glucose as ______________ STARCH PROTEINS are built from subunits called _______________ amino acids

Molecules made mainly of carbon and hydrogen that includes fats, Molecules made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1C: 2H: 1O ratio   Carbohydrates Molecules made mainly of carbon and hydrogen that includes fats, oils, and steroids lipids

↑ Which of these molecules is a nucleotide?

hydrophilic Polar molecules are ____________ hydrophobic hydrophilic People with diabetes lack the ability to make this hormone that controls blood sugar insulin

↑ Which of these molecules could be used to make glycogen, starch, or cellulose?

Double stranded single stranded Contains A,T,C,G Contains A,U,C,G Tell one way DNA is different from RNA DNA RNA Double stranded single stranded Contains A,T,C,G Contains A,U,C,G No U no T sugar = deoxyribose sugar = ribosose Stores genetic info transfers info from nucleus to out to cell

Lipids are mostly __________ hydrophilic hydrophobic Nucleic acid made of deoxyribose sugar and A, T, C, & G nitrogen bases DNA hydrophobic Lipids are mostly __________ hydrophilic hydrophobic

Glucose is a ___________ Nucleic acid made with ribose sugar and A, G, C, & U nitrogen base RNA carbohydrate Glucose is a ___________ Lipid nucleic acid protein carbohydrate