1. Intro to Cell Biology VOCAB ONLY

2. cellulose Structural polysaccharide used to make plants sturdy
Special kind of nucleotide used by cells to store the energy released from burning glucose.
ATP
RIBOSE
Image by Riedell

3. Another name for a “living thing”
Another name for a “living thing”
organism
The carbohydrate molecule that
cells burn to release energy
glucose

4. Another name for a heterotroph consumer
A signal to which an organism responds
stimulus
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5. Unfolding that happens to a protein
in extreme temperatures or pH that
causes it to change shape
denaturing
Organism that can make its own food
autotroph

6. Macromolecule made by joining MANY sugar molecules together in a chain
Double stranded nucleic acid molecule
containing A, T, C, G nitrogen bases
found in chromosomes that stores
genetic information
DNA
Macromolecule made by joining MANY sugar molecules together in a chain
polysaccharide

7. The subunits made of a nitrogen base, and sugar, and a phosphate group used to make nucleic acids
nucleotides
Polysaccharide used by animal cells
to store glucose for later
glycogen

8. autotroph Process in which offspring are
Organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food; also called a producer
autotroph
Process in which offspring are
produced by combining genetic material
from 2 parents
Sexual reproduction

9. Process in which offspring are produced from the genetic material
Organism that obtains energy from the food it consumes; also called a consumer
heterotroph
Process in which offspring are
produced from the genetic material
of a single parent
Asexual reproduction

10. Place in an atom where electrons orbit
Change in an organism over time; Process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms
evolution
Place in an atom where electrons
orbit
Energy levels

11. homeostasis The process in which cells change
Process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment
homeostasis
The process in which cells change
as they grow and develop to
become specialized with different
functions
differentiation

12. Embryonic cell that has the potential to differentiate into a variety cell types
Stem cell
Reactant that binds to the active
site of an enzyme during a
chemical reaction
substrate

13. producer polysaccharide Another name for an autotroph
Molecule such as glycogen, starch, or
cellulose, made by joining many
monosaccharide (sugar) molecules
together
polysaccharide

14. 5 carbon sugar used to make RNA
5 carbon sugar used to make RNA
ribose
Macromolecule made of a polar
glycerol phosphate head and
non- polar tails used to
make cell membranes
phospholipid
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15. metabolism multicellular All the chemical reactions through
which an organism builds up or
breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes
metabolism
Organism made of many cells
multicellular

16. hemoglobin Protein that carries oxygen found in red blood cells
Kind of chemical reaction used by cells to join molecules together by removing an H and OH to make a water molecule
Dehydration synthesis

17. glucose The carbohydrate molecule that cells burn to release energy
Place on an enzyme where the substrate attaches
Active site

18. glycoprotein Molecule made of a protein with
Molecule made of a protein with
carbohydrates attached found
in cell membranes that helps
in cell identification
glycoprotein
Protein hormone, missing in people
with diabetes, that tells cells to store
glucose as glycogen
insulin

19. Double stranded nucleic acid molecule
containing A, T, C, G nitrogen bases
found in chromosomes that stores
genetic information
DNA
Macromolecule made by joining MANY sugar molecules together in a chain
polysaccharide

20. photosynthesis unicellular hydrolysis
The process plants use to capture energy from the sun and make glucose
photosynthesis
Organism made of only one cell
unicellular
Chemical reaction in which a molecule
is broken apart by the addition of the
H and OH from a water molecule
hydrolysis

21. Protein helps speed up chemical reactions in living things
enzyme
Attraction between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules involving the hydrogen atoms of one molecule and the partially negatively charged
atoms in another molecule
Hydrogen bonds
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22. protein polar Macromolecule that contains carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, made
by joining amino acid subunits
protein
Molecule with an uneven pattern of electric charges; More + on one side/ more – on the other
polar
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23. deoxyribose ion 5 carbon sugar used to make DNA
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5 carbon sugar used to make DNA
deoxyribose
An atom that has gained or lost
electrons so it has an electric charge
ion

24. hydrophobic Nitrogen bases
Describes a non-polar molecule that tries to stay away from water; means “water fearing”
hydrophobic
One of the components (including adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, or uracil) that make up nucleotides
Nitrogen bases

25. Compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms usually in a ratio of 1 C: 2 H: 1 O which is a major source of energy for the human body
carbohydrate
Describes a polar molecule that mixes easily with water; means “water loving”
hydrophilic

26. Macromolecule made mainly of carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes and steroids, which is generally hydrophobic
lipid
Macromolecule made of nucleotide subunits
containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, and phosphorus which stores and
transports information in cells and helps
in protein synthesis
nucleic acid

27. RNA (ribonucleic acid)
Single stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose and the nitrogen bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
Subunit used to make proteins made up
of a carbon atom attached to
a hydrogen,
a carboxyl group (-COOH),
an amino group
(-NH2) , and a variable R group
Amino acid
Image by Riedell

28. The science of life (study of living things) is called _______________
Polysaccharide used by PLANT cells
to store glucose for later
starch
The science of life (study of living things) is called _______________
biology