Multiculturalism

Definition of multiculturalism Multiculturalism: the co-existence of diverse cultures In Canada, it is when people are encouraged to retain their heritage and culture in their new country Canada's was the first government in the world to make an official multiculturalism policy in 1971

What percent do you think? How many Canadians were born outside Canada? How many Torontonians were born outside Canada?

Nation of immigrants 20.6% of the total population in 2011 was born outside of Canada Just over HALF of Toronto’s population was born outside of Canada Over 140 languages spoken in Toronto Toronto rivals New York and London as the most diverse city in the world

Toronto vs Montreal Montreal only has 1/3 of its population being born outside Canada Why doesn’t Montreal have the same level of diversity? Its language police crack down on anything not in French It attracts people from former French colonies (Haiti, Lebanon)

Top Languages/Ethnic groups What do you think are the Top 5 languages spoken in Toronto besides English? What do you think are the top 5 visible minorities in Toronto?

Toronto’s diversity Toronto’s Top 5 Languages (besides English) 1) Chinese 2) Italian 3) Punjabi 4) Tagalog 5) Portuguese Toronto’s Top 5 Visible Minorities 1) South Asian 2) Chinese 3) Black 4) Filipino 5) Latin American

Definitions Ethnic Origin: your cultural and racial background Visible Minority: an ethnic group that looks different from the majority Chain Migration: when one wave of immigrants settle in a place and that encourages more waves of immigrants to move there, this forms ethnic neighbourhoods

More definitions Mother Tongue: the first language you learned and still remember Home Language: the language that is most commonly spoken by the members of a family for everyday interactions at home.

Ethnic enclave : a residential concentration combined with religious, cultural institutions and services Enclaves are largely concentrations by choice, voluntary. They are a product of housing market and opportunities. They are not ghettos in the sense that they are not the result of discrimination and poverty.

Difference between the Canadian and American systems

Canada = Mosaic Mosaic: in Canada, immigrants can retain much more of their original culture (also called Salad Bowl theory)

USA = Melting pot Melting Pot: in the States, immigrants lose much more of their culture and become more alike and 'Americanized', they become more assimilated and blend into the dominant culture

Pros Cons Mosaic Melting Pot   Pros Cons Mosaic -diversity strengthens society - less of a 'Canadian identity' - it breeds tolerance -encourages ethnic ghettos and marginalization Melting Pot -stronger national identity -immigrants cut ties with their home country -integration not a bad thing -less tolerant, host country seen as 'superior' culture?