1. Ch. 9: Race and Ethnicity Race- a group w/ inherited physical characteristics that distinguish it from another group Race- a group w/ inherited physical characteristics that distinguish it from another group Race as a myth… Race as a myth… One race superior to others One race superior to others A pure race exists A pure race exists Race is a social classification Race is a social classification

2. Ethnic groups Ethnic groups Ethnicity refers to cultural charac., people identify w/ one another on basis of common ancestry and cultural heritage Ethnicity refers to cultural charac., people identify w/ one another on basis of common ancestry and cultural heritage Minority groups- Minority groups- people who are singled out for unequal treatment and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination people who are singled out for unequal treatment and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination Dominant group- Dominant group- those who do the discriminating; the group w/ the most power, privilege and social status those who do the discriminating; the group w/ the most power, privilege and social status

3. Emergence of minority groups Emergence of minority groups Expansion of political boundaries Expansion of political boundaries Migration- voluntary or involuntary Migration- voluntary or involuntary Shared characteristics of minority groups Shared characteristics of minority groups Membership in group is ascribed Membership in group is ascribed Physical/cultural traits that distinguish them looked down on by dominant group Physical/cultural traits that distinguish them looked down on by dominant group Unequally treated by dominant group Unequally treated by dominant group Tend to marry w/in own group Tend to marry w/in own group Tend to feel strong group solidarity Tend to feel strong group solidarity

4. Ethnic identity Ethnic identity Factors related to stronger sense of ethnic identity Factors related to stronger sense of ethnic identity Smaller in #, lesser power, different from nat’l identity, discrimination Smaller in #, lesser power, different from nat’l identity, discrimination Ethnic work- how people construct their ethnicity Ethnic work- how people construct their ethnicity Melting pot Melting pot

5. Prejudice and discrimination Prejudice and discrimination Common around the world Common around the world Discrimination- an action- unfair treatment directed against an individual or group Discrimination- an action- unfair treatment directed against an individual or group Individual discrimination- negative treatment of one person by another Individual discrimination- negative treatment of one person by another Institutional discrimination- negative treatment of a minority group that is built into society’s institutions Institutional discrimination- negative treatment of a minority group that is built into society’s institutions Home mortgages/ car loans/ health care Home mortgages/ car loans/ health care

6. Racism- discrimination based on race Racism- discrimination based on race Prejudice- an attitude or prejudging, usually in a negative way Prejudice- an attitude or prejudging, usually in a negative way Each group thinks others are inferior in some way Each group thinks others are inferior in some way Older/less educated more prejudiced than younger/more educated Older/less educated more prejudiced than younger/more educated

7. Theories of prejudice Psychology- factors inside the individual Psychology- factors inside the individual Frustration and scapegoats Frustration and scapegoats The authoritarian personality The authoritarian personality Sociology- factors outside the individual Sociology- factors outside the individual Functionalism Functionalism The Nazis The Nazis Sherif study (1953) Sherif study (1953)

8. Conflict theory Conflict theory Groups pitted against one another Groups pitted against one another Capitalists keep workers insecure Capitalists keep workers insecure Capitalists exploit racial/ethnic strife Capitalists exploit racial/ethnic strife Split labor market- workers divided among racial-ethnic and gender lines Split labor market- workers divided among racial-ethnic and gender lines

9. Symbolic interactionism Symbolic interactionism Labels create prejudice Labels create prejudice Labels cause selective perception Labels cause selective perception Stereotypes and discrimination create a self- fulfilling prophecy Stereotypes and discrimination create a self- fulfilling prophecy We learn prejudice thru our interaction w/ others We learn prejudice thru our interaction w/ others

10. Global patterns of intergroup relations Genocide- dominant group tries to destroy the minority Genocide- dominant group tries to destroy the minority Population transfer Population transfer Indirect- make life unbearable for members of a group so they leave “voluntarily” Indirect- make life unbearable for members of a group so they leave “voluntarily” Direct- dominant group expels a minority Direct- dominant group expels a minority

11. Internal colonialism- how a country’s dominant group exploits minority groups for its economic advantage Internal colonialism- how a country’s dominant group exploits minority groups for its economic advantage Segregation- separation of racial/ethnic groups Segregation- separation of racial/ethnic groups Assimilation- the process by which a minority is absorbed into the mainstream culture Assimilation- the process by which a minority is absorbed into the mainstream culture Forced vs. permissible assimilation Forced vs. permissible assimilation Multiculturalism (pluralism) Multiculturalism (pluralism)

12. Race/ethnic relations in the U.S. White Europeans- 68% of pop. White Europeans- 68% of pop. Viewed as inferior when from countries other than England (white ethnics) Viewed as inferior when from countries other than England (white ethnics) How did white ethnic groups overcome discrimination? How did white ethnic groups overcome discrimination? Immigrants dropped customs/language Immigrants dropped customs/language

13. Latinos- 13% of pop. Latinos- 13% of pop. Largest minority group in U.S. Largest minority group in U.S. 66% concentrated in 4 states 66% concentrated in 4 states U.S. one of largest Spanish speaking nations in the world U.S. one of largest Spanish speaking nations in the world Country of origin significant Country of origin significant Separated by social class, underrepresented in politics Separated by social class, underrepresented in politics

14. African Americans- 12% of pop. African Americans- 12% of pop. Struggle for civil rights Struggle for civil rights Jim Crow laws segregated blacks/whites Jim Crow laws segregated blacks/whites Rosa Parks, MLK Jr. Rosa Parks, MLK Jr. 1964- Civil Rights Act 1964- Civil Rights Act Currently- lag behind in education, politics, and economics Currently- lag behind in education, politics, and economics

15. Asian Americans- 4% of pop. Asian Americans- 4% of pop. No unifying race or culture No unifying race or culture 1882- Chinese Exclusion Act 1882- Chinese Exclusion Act Japanese relocation camps Japanese relocation camps Currently- highest average income Currently- highest average income Poverty not evenly distributed Poverty not evenly distributed Kids most likely grow up w/ two parents (compared to all other groups) Kids most likely grow up w/ two parents (compared to all other groups) High rate of college graduation High rate of college graduation

16. Native Americans- less than 1% of pop. Native Americans- less than 1% of pop. Variety of cultures Variety of cultures Treaties, genocide, population transfer Treaties, genocide, population transfer Separatism- separate gov’t, didn’t join U.S. Separatism- separate gov’t, didn’t join U.S. High rates of unemployment and poverty High rates of unemployment and poverty Highest suicide rate (of all groups) Highest suicide rate (of all groups)