Foreign Policy: Roosevelt to Wilson AP US History Chapter

Roosevelt’s Latin American Corollary 1. Monroe Doctrine (1823) 2. Latin America Corollary (1905) Corollary = an extension of a previous idea “Walk softly, but carry a big stick.” 1904 – Santa Domingo 1911 – Nicaragua 1915 - Haiti Monroe Doctrine: 1823: James Monroe. Annual speech given to Congress. Warned European Countries to stay out of the Western Hemisphere Stated US would not tolerate further colonization by the European nations in Latin America Roosevelt’s Corollary European Countries wanted debts repaid and threatened to come in with armed intervention. America was worried about loosing dominance in Latin America. Roosevelt proclaimed the US right to exercise an “international police power.”

Cartoon Analysis Roosevelt holding large stick of Diplomacy

Roosevelt and the Panama Canal Wanted Strong navy Negotiations Local Revolt New Panama Canal Company Strong Navy Roosevelt was a long believer in a strong navy When he became President, he began to revitalize the navy. The idea of a canal gained urgency with an army in the pacific and in the Caribbean Negotiations Area where Panama Canal was to be built was controlled by Columbia French Company – the New Panama Canal Company – held rights to the project. Roosevelt agreed to pay $40 million for the rights to the project. He offered Columbia $10 million for the rights to the land across the isthmus. Columbia refused – Roosevelt was going to send in his navy but thought a revolution would soon take place in Columbia. Local Revolt Chief Engineer of the New Panama Canal Company organized a local revolt. Roosevelt immediately sent down a battleship – Nashville – and marines to support the revolt. Roosevelt then offered $10 million for the isthmus and it was accepted.

“The canal was by far the most important action I took in foreign affairs during the time I was President. When nobody could or would exercise efficient authority, I exercised it.” – T. Roosevelt

Roosevelt and the Far East 1. Goals in the Far East 2. Roosevelt as negotiator 3. Gunboat Diplomacy (1905) 4. “Gentleman’s Agreement” (1907) Goals: Wanted to strengthen the American interests in East Asia Negotiated a settlement in the Russo-Japanese War (won the Nobel Peace Prize for this) Gunboat Diplomacy Forced Chinese government to end a trade boycott protesting U.S. exclusion of Chinese workers in the United States. “Gentlemen’s Agreement” Forced San Francisco to end its segregation of Japanese school children in exchange for a curb on the emigration of Japanese laborers to the United States.

THE TAFT BATHTUB

Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy Objectives “Dollars Instead of Bullets” Nicaragua Honduras Haiti China Objectives: Dollar Diplomacy was Taft’s foreign policy Aimed to establish order, stability and promote the Monroe Doctrine Protect the Panama Canal Aimed at Latin America and Far East Continuing Roosevelt’s Corollary – if any Latin American country appears to be financially unstable and vulnerable to European control, the US has the right and obligation to intervene. “Dollars Instead of Bullets” Wanted to use money to try and take control of these countries rather than sending in a military. Honduras: Unsuccessfully tried to establish control by buying up its debt to British bankers Nicaragua: Intervened and funded the country’s debts to European bankers Haiti: State Department persuaded four American banks to refinance Haiti’s national debt. Set stage for further intervention later on. China: Persuaded American bankers to join a six-power consortium that would give China the money to help build a railroad. Concerned about the Japanese and Russians providing money for the railroad.

The Wilson Presidency: Foreign Affairs Secretary of State: William Jennings Bryan Revising Imperialism Philippine Islands (1916) Puerto Rico (1917) Haiti (1915) Dominican Republic (1916) Virgin Islands (1916) William Jennings Bryan: Promoted making treaties and rather than sending in troops for international disputes. Wanted “cooling off” treaties. Disliked the assertive approach of Taft and Roosevelt. Philippine Islands: established a bill of rights Puerto Rico: Received territorial status and its residents became US Citizens. Haiti and Dominican Republic: Sent in US marines to make it an American protectorate Virgin Islands: Purchased from Denmark for $25 million

Aggressive Moral Diplomacy 1. Definition 2. Mexican Civil War Definition of Moral Diplomacy: A policy that made the US the conscience of the world Hoped to spread democracy, condemn colonialism, and promote peace.