1. How does the political cartoon “School Begins” depict American imperialism so far?

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4. AIM: Why and how did the United States expand its policy of imperialism into Latin America during the 19th century?

5. The U.S. Becomes a World Power
“Big Stick Diplomacy”
“Moral Diplomacy”
From (Progressive Era) the U.S. developed a new, aggressive foreign policy under T. Roosevelt, Taft, & Wilson
Their policies DIFFERED, but all revealed a desire to increase American wealth, military power, & stature in the world, especially in Latin America
“Dollar Diplomacy”

6. Teddy’s “Big Stick Diplomacy”
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Teddy’s “Big Stick Diplomacy”
Teddy wanted to expand upon America’s new, world stature after the Spanish-American War:
believed in the superiority of American Protestant culture & hoped to spread these values…
in order to increase American economic & political stature in the world, the U.S. needed to be militarily strong & ready to fight if needed…

7. U.S. Imperialism: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
When Theodore Roosevelt became president, he used “Big Stick Diplomacy”: Develop an active U.S. foreign policy with a strong navy to accomplish goals

8. Lets Analyze: In the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, what was Teddy Roosevelt claiming?
When Teddy added the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, giving the United States “police powers” to protect Latin America from European imperialism

9. The Roosevelt Corollary was used to justify American armed intervention in the Dominican Republic, Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua, & Mexico
Attempts to maintain order in Latin America led to pro-American regimes that relied on dictatorial rule over its citizens
To enforce order, forestall foreign intervention, and protect U.S. economic interests, the United States intervened in the Caribbean and Central America some 20 times over the next quarter century--namely, in Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama. Each intervention followed a common pattern: after intervening to restore order, U.S. forces became embroiled in the countries' internal political disputes. Before exiting, the United States would train and fund a police force and military to maintain order and would sponsor an election intended to put into power a strong leader supportive of American interests. Unfortunately, the men who took power in many of these countries, such as Anastasio Somoza in Nicaragua, Rafael Trujillo in the Dominican Republic, and Francois Duvalier in Haiti, established despotic rule.

10. “Speak softly and carry a big stick, you will go far”
To what extent was this a turning point in US history?

11. U.S. Imperialism: PANAMA
TR used “Big Stick Diplomacy” to build the Panama Canal by encouraging a Panamanians to rebel from Colombia

12. While you watch: what were the positives and negatives of constructing the Panama Canal?
US negotiates a treaty with Panama:
Cuts travel time!
Moves merchant and naval ships faster!
BUT thousands die from yellow fever and malaria
Opens in 1914 – HUGE ECONOMIC ADVANTAGE!

13. 1914: gave the USA a huge economic advantage in the Western Hemisphere
The Panama Canal was an engineering marvel, but one of the most important reasons for its completion was the scientific elimination of malaria-causing mosquitoes
1914: gave the USA a huge economic advantage in the Western Hemisphere

14. Review
Which statement best describes President Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy position toward Latin America in the early 1900’s?
(a) The United States should reduce its involvement in Latin American affairs.
(b) The Monroe Doctrine permits the United States to intervene actively in the affairs of Latin American nations.
(c) Latin American nations should form an organization to help them achieve political and economic stability.
(d) The United States should give large amounts of financial aid to help the poor of Latin America.

15. Teddy competing with the Japanese
Root-Takahira Agreement (1908) – Respect our positions in the Pacific (including Open Door Policy).
Before Japan had been an isolated country for 200 years until Commodore Matthew Perry sailed into Tokyo demanding they open to trade.
Treaty of Kanagawa - opened 2 ports to US ships.
Gentleman’s Agreement:
Japan agreed to deny passports to laborers entering the U.S.
The U.S. government got the school board of San Francisco to STOP the segregation of Japanese American children in separate schools.
Results- Weakened Japan and led to the overthrow of the Shogunate and establishment of a new government.

18. By the 20th century, the USA was a world power
The industrial revolution transformed the USA into an economic power
The USA built the world’s third largest navy
America annexed important new territories in the Caribbean and Asia
America asserted itself as an equal to European nations and used its influence to build the Panama Canal, protect Latin America, and trade in Asia