Industrial Revolution Age of Ideologies Industrial Revolution

Toward an Industrial Society Industrialization was one of the final steps in making Europe modern. Great Britain led the charge for the Industrial Revolution. Society becomes transformed.

Great Britain Industrialism started in Great Britain in 18th century. By the turn of the century Britain had successful factories all over the world. Textiles, ironmaking, shipbuilding, china production.

Manchester - Industrial Growth

Britain’s Unique Set of Advantages Commercial Vigor Transportation Raw Materials Labor Capital Entrepreneurship

Flying Shuttle 1733- John Kay invented the “fly shuttle” allowed one person to operate a loom.

Spinning Jenny 1765- James Hargreaves created the “spinning jenny”, which spun 16 spindles of thread at a time.

Water Power 1769 – Richard Arkwright applied waterpower to the spinning process.

Hard Times Industrialization was not all sunshine and glory…Hard Times! - Population increase 20% - Migration to the cities - Peasantry still backwards - Famine & Food Shortages

Railways The most significant development during this time was railway building. Increased migration and the production of capital goods. In effect, it brought industrialization at more rapid rate.

Hallmarks of the Railroads 1763 – James Watt improved the Newcomen engine and created the steam engine. Financial banking of Matthew Boulton, they made a fortune. 1820 – Georg Stephenson created the “Rocket” land rail traveling 16 miles per hour.

The Labor Force Factory workers varied…at first most enjoyed a decent wage and comfortable living style. Few exceptions, such as women and children who were numbered the “laboring poor”

Proletarianization Proletariat meant the workers of the means of production. Workers contribute their labor for a wage…no longer own the means to production. The emergence of factories

Competition Factories forces artisans and craftsman to compete for sales. Confection - less skill, uniform products. Division of labor increased in the workshop, but devalued the product

Political Action During the 1830s, the working class began to take action against the oppression. Chartism - London Working Men’s Association. Wm. Lovett demanded reform from parliament….but ultimately lost.

Luddism Ned Ludd - legendary hero of the Working Man Origin of British Labor Unions Fought for rights against the Factory Owners.

The Great Reform Bill 1830 – George IV died and his brother William IV became king. Whigs took control of Parliament and William insisted on coming to an agreement. 1832 – Great Reform Bill increased the voting rights to all middle-class men.

Political & Economic Reform Commercial and industrial class was larger in Britain … prosperity required attention to economic interests. Liberal Whig aristocrats regarded as the protectors of constitutional liberty. Reaction to conservative policies, such as the Six Acts

Take “ACT”ion 1833 – Factory Act: limited hours that children under 9 could work. 1838 – Anti-Corn League 1842 – Mines Act: Forbade women and children to work as hurriers. 1847 – Ten Hours Act: Work shifts were confined to 10 hours a day.

Chimney Sweeper “When my mother died I was very young, And my father sold me while yet my tongue, Could scarcely cry weep weep weep weep, So your chimneys I sweep & in soot I sleep.”

A Bleak Time “It is a melancholy truth that even great men have their poor relations.” England was able to put off revolution because of the process of reformation. But what about the politicians? Factory owners?

Crime & Order The Industrial Revolution led to problems of crime and order in cities Professional Police Force Prison Reform and more stringent laws passed on criminals Maintain social order

Britain’s Triumph The site of the Great Exposition of 1851 epitomized the Victorian Age. Housed some 13,000 exhibits. Celebration of Industry and Pretension.

Crystal Palace

Family Ideals The Industrial Revolution also affected the development of families across Europe. The Cult of True-Womanhood and Domesticity The Separate Spheres

Next Week Compare and contrast the movements of unification in Italy and Germany. Be sure to look at the leadership as well as the methods that these countries used to reach unification.