Organizing and Supporting your Speech

Basic Speech Structure: Introduction Body Conclusion

Working outlines

Formal Outline: Typed with consistent font and style Consistent set of symbols to identify structure Follows the rule of division Contains Complete Sentences Do not use questions for points Follow Required Guidelines and Format See Provided Example

From Outline to Speaking Notes

Speaking Notes Do not use your formal outline Brief key word outline 3 X 5 cards; or speaker’s notes May want to put quotes, First/ last sentence on cards, major statistics, and notes to yourself (slow down, smile, movement, breathe)

Develop Each Part of the Speech

Body – 70-80% Develop the Body before fleshing out the Introduction of Conclusion 1st, organize material in a logical order:

Organizing Speeches Time patterns/Chronological Space Patterns/Spatial Topic Patterns/Topical Problem/Solution Patterns Cause-Effect Patterns Monroe’s Motivated Sequence

2nd, Insert Transitions and Internal Summaries words and/or phrases which keep the speech flowing smoothly Internal Summaries Longer than a transition Includes a preview and review

Now, move on to the Introduction

Introduction – 10-15% Should fulfill four functions: Includes an Attention Getter: piques the audience interest and gets them to listen Should be the very first thing you say before you reveal your topic Create a connection between speaker and audience

Has a clearly stated Thesis A creative statement with one idea that introduces your topic and focuses the attention of the audience on your main goal Offers a Preview A statement that tells the audience about the main things you will discuss in the speech

Finally, wrap it all up in the Conclusion

Conclusion – 10-15% Provide a Brakelight Recap Main Points/Relevance Wrap up with a Clincher Statement (memory aid or support device are great to use here) Use Clear Polished Ending

Giving your Speech Substance

SUPPORTING MATERIAL data you use to back up your points Includes: Support Devices, Visual Aids, and Vocal Citations Support Devices: This is basically a way of presenting your research using these methods. Examples Anecdotes Analogies Quotes Statistics Definitions Compare/Contrast Narration

Establish the credibility of your support devices Use recognizable organizations and people Or Be sure to tell us about the person or organization

Types of Visual Aids

Diagrams – line drawing showing the most important parts (cell)

Objects – actual thing

Model – scaled representation

Word Charts and Number charts main points in speech; Top 10 Pop/Rock Songs

Pie Charts – out of 100% Types of Dogs in a Competition

Bar and Colum Charts – compare variables

Line Charts Good to show changes over time

Guidelines for Visual Aids CVS Principle: a prescription for a great visual aid Clarity – easily understood Visibility – at least 2 inch letters Simplicity - rule of seven 7 words per 7 lines

Follow the FUR Principle: Helps others follow, understand, and remember Collegiate Quality Reliability – work, won’t backfire

Vocal Citations . Give Credit to Your Sources Failure to provide proper credit is plagiarism A Quote ≠ a Vocal Citation Ex: Mark Twain said it best when he said, “It takes three weeks to prepare a good impromptu speech.”

Vocal citations include the name of the source – cite sources first Example: In the July 9 issue of the Daily News Gazette, 80% of all college professors were reported as saying that students do not use correct vocal citations. All statistics and quotes MUST have vocal citations.