The Cold War Chapter 26-1 & 26-2 Mr. Wells Hickory Ridge High School

The Cold War [1945-1991]: An Ideological Struggle Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations [“Iron Curtain”] US & the Western Democracies GOAL  “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world. GOAL  spread world-wide Communism METHODOLOGIES: Espionage [CIA vs. KGB] Arms Race [nuclear escalation] Democracy vs. Communism Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

Origins of the Cold War Soviets felt the U.S. did not recognize their Communist govt. after Russian Revolution (1917) Stalin resented the Allies delaying their attack on Germany during World War II. U.S. was angered that Soviets signed nonaggression pact w/ Hitler (1939) Soviets upset that we kept atomic bomb a secret

The United Nations Created April 25th, 1945 50 countries met in San Francisco to establish new peacekeeping body

Tensions Mount Stalin & Truman disagree on issues related to Eastern Europe  No free election in Poland  Soviets wanted Germany to pay reparations  Truman wants democracy and free trade around the world  Soviets claim eastern Europe – installed satellite nations to keep from being invaded again.

Satellite Nations Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Hungary Romania Poland

Containment & The Iron Curtain Feb. 1946: George Kennan  U.S. diplomat in Moscow (used the word “containment”  Block the Soviet spread of communism March 1946: Winston Churchill  Gave speech in the United States  “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent

Containing the Iron Curtain

The Cold War Begins

The Cold War Begins 1945-1991 (46 years!) U.S. – Soviet Union Neither nation directly confronted one another on the battlefield President Truman issues Truman Doctrine  aid to any country resisting communism  $400 million given to Turkey & Greece from 1947-1950

The Marshall Plan June 1947 Most of Europe destroyed from WWII Secretary of State: George Marshall  Aid to all European nations that needed it  16 countries received $13 billion in aid over 4 years

Struggle over Germany After WWII, Germany divided into 4 zones  Yalta Conference G.B./France/U.S. combine zones  West Germany  Democracies Soviet Union remains separate  East Germany  Communist

Berlin Airlift Berlin in East Germany Soviets impose blockade on West Berlin  retaliation to combining of zones  stop people trying to leave East Berlin U.S. & G.B. fly food & supplies to W. Berlin for 327 days May 1949: Soviets lift blockade

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization  Created April 4th, 1949  military alliance  1st time for U.S. during peacetime Nations: U.S. – Canada – Belgium – Denmark – Luxembourg – The Netherlands – Norway Portugal – Greece – Turkey – West Germany

The Cold War Heats Up WWII – Japanese occupy China Chinese Communist & Nationalist join forces - Mao Zedong (communist) fights Japan from the north - Chiang Kai-shek (nationalist) fights Japan from south - U.S. sends $3 billion in aid Japan defeated – leaves China - Civil War breaks out in China U.S. aids Nationalists - Chiang Kai-shek’s government corrupt Peasants in China supported Mao Zedong - Communists improved food production & encouraged peasants to learn to read.

Communist China May 1949: Chiang Kai-shek fled to Taiwan  Taiwan formally known as Formosa People’s Republic of China was created U.S. did not recognize this new republic

Korean War [1950-1953]

The Korean War Japanese rule Korea from 1910-1945 38th Parallel - Japanese surrender north of line to Soviets - Japanese surrender south of line to U.S. By 1949, Americans & Soviets pull out of both areas

The Korean War (Cont.) June 25, 1950: North Korea invades S. Korea President Truman orders air support for S. Korea United Nations sends 520,000 troops to help S. Korea 90 % of troops were Americans led by WWII hero, Douglas MacArthur

The Korean War 5 Star (D.Mac.) forces North Korea to retreat - He invades N. Korea China aids North Korea - 300,000 Chinese drive UN Forces back 5 Star recommends nuking Chinese cities - President Truman says no; China is Soviets allies - MacArthur openly criticizes Truman President Truman fires MacArthur - Truman is Commander-in-Chief of military Americans were angered: 69% favored 5 Star

The Shifting Map of Korea [1950-1953]

Stalemate June 23, 1951 U.S. – Soviets sign ceasefire Referred to as The Forgotten War

Stalemate (Cont.) Rejection of Dem. Party (Truman) Elected Dwight D. Eisenhower (Ike) as president 38th parallel still exists today (DMZ)