1. The Cold War: A Conflict of Ideology 1945-1991

2. Yalta-Meeting of the “Big Three”
February 1945
Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin
How will we rebuild Europe?
Create United Nations
“Free and Unfettered elections in eastern Europe”
Joint occupation of Germany
Next meeting will be in the defeated Germany
Roosevelt diesTruman takes over
Churchill loses election in July of  Atlee Takes over

3. Potsdam Conference-June 1945
Stalin dominates the conference
Stalin did not allow elections in Poland and eastern Europe
Truman angry, but can’t do anything with the Soviet army camped out all over eastern Europe
All agree that Japan must surrender “unconditionally”
Truman wants to defeat Japan without Soviet help
(Truman “forgets” to inform Stalin about the atomic bomb program)

4. End of WWII brings tension between allies
What does Truman want?
Encourage democracy and capitalism
U.S. Economy booming due to massive exports
Raw materials from Europe
Open markets to sell to!
Rebuilt Germany that is productive and not bitter about the war
What does Stalin want?
Encourage communism
USSR Economy struggling due to massive destruction of the war
Use materials from Germany to rebuild Soviet Union
Soviet army takes everything that could be of use, from toilets to hinges
Create satellite nations in Eastern Europe to “protect” the U.S.S.R. from the west.
Keep Germany weak…they attacked Russia twice in 30 years

5. Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations [“Iron Curtain”]
US & the Western Democracies
GOAL  “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world.
GOAL  spread world-wide Communism
METHODOLOGIES:
Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]
Arms Race [nuclear escalation]
Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy]  “proxy wars”
Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

6. The Bipolarization of Europe

7. The Division of Berlin
British, French and American Zones of Germany unite
Soviet union closes off allied access to west-Berlin
Berlin airlift…fly planes full of food and supplies to the city
NATO forms in the west
First time that the U.S. enters into a peacetime alliance
Warsaw Pact forms in east
Soviet Union tells its puppet governments in the eastern bloc that they are united against the common enemy of communism
Basically they just do what the Soviets tell them too

8. National Defense Budget [1940-1964]

9. Civil War in China Nationalists led by Chiang Kai-Shek
Given millions of dollars of aid by U.S.
Communists led by Mao Zedong
Secretly given weapons by U.S.S.R
Communists defeat the Nationalists.
Chinese Nationalists flee to Taiwan
Represent China on the UN Security council until 1970
Chiang Kai-Shek
Mao Zedong

10. Korean War [1950-1953] Kim Il-Sung Syngman Rhee
Japanese Troops in the south surrendered to the Americans
Democratic Republic created there
Kim Il-Sung
Japanese Troops in the north surrendered to the Soviets
Communist government created there
Syngman Rhee

11. Korean War
President Truman is sensitive about “losing” China to the communists
He responds aggressively in Korea to show America that the Democrats are not “soft” on communism

12. Korean War 1950-1953 Northern Communists invade Southern Democracy
We (U.N.) send troops to S. Korea
China sends Troops to N. Korea
General Douglas Macarthur thinks we should use Nuclear weapons
Loudly criticizes Truman for not having the “guts”
Truman fires him, “Old soldiers never die, they just fade away.”

13. The Shifting Map of Korea [1950-1953]