Carbon Chemistry Vocabulary Review Mr. Ahearn 2010

Organic Compound Most compounds that contain carbon

Hydrocarbon Organic compounds that has only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Saturated Hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon, with only single bonds.

Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon with one or more double or triple bonds.

Isomer Compounds with the same chemical formula but different structures and different physical and chemical properties.

Hydroxyl Group Consist of an oxygen atom and hydrogen atom joined by a covalent bond -OH

Carboxyl Group Consist of one carbon atom, two, oxygen atoms, and one hydrogen atom. -COOH

Amino Group Consists of one nitrogen atom covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms -NH2

Amino Acid Building blocks of proteins; contain both an amino group and a carboxyl acid group replacing hydrogens on the same carbon atom.

Polymer Large molecule made up of small repeating units linked by covalent bonds to form a long chain.

Monomer Small, organic molecules that link together to form polymers.

Polymerization A chemical reaction in which monomers are bonded together.

Protein Biological polymer made up of amino acids; catalyzes many cell reactions and provides structural materials from many parts of the body.

Carbohydrate Organic compounds containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; starches, cellulose, glycogen, sugars.

Sugars Carbohydrates containing carbon atoms arranged in a ring.

Starches Polymers of glucose monomers in which hundreds or thousands of glucose molecules are joined together.

Lipids Organic compound that contains the same elements as carbohydrates but in different proportions.

Cholesterol A complex lipid that is present in foods that come from animals.