3rd Declension Nouns (Lesson 40) Latin I Feb. 24-28, 2014

Third Declension Nouns! Latin has 5 declensions of nouns. Declensions are groups of nouns which share the same endings.

3rd declension nouns Third declension is the largest declension of nouns! Third declension includes masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns, plus a sub-group called “i-stem nouns.” Both masculine and feminine 3rd declension nouns use the same chart.

-is 3rd declension nouns Third declension nouns are identified by the –is ending in the genitive singular. pax, pacis (f.) lex, legis (f.) salus, salutis (f.) dux, ducis (m.) -is

3rd Declension Endings --- -ēs -is -um -i -ibus -em -ēs -e -ibus Singular Plural Nominative* Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative --- -ēs -is -um -i -ibus -em -ēs -e -ibus * There are several nominative endings, so they’re not listed on the chart. Whatever the first form of the word is in your vocabulary list…that’s the nominative.

Has a different spelling Step 1 – Find the noun stem The noun stem is found by dropping the genitive singular ending from the noun. Dictionary entry of a noun: pax, pacis, f. peace Often the stem Has a different spelling Than the nominative! Nominative singular Gender Meaning Genitive singular pacis – is = pac Noun Stem

Let’s Find Stems for 3rd Declension! dux, ducis homo, hominis lex, legis miles, militis pax, pacis salus, salutis duc- homin- leg- milit- pac- salut-

Step 2: Add the case endings to the noun stem. Singular Plural Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative dux duc Note that the lovely nominative form will appear once on the chart, then disappear…like a briefly-lived bug.  duc duc duc duc duc duc duc duc ibus ibus dux, ducis (m.) e es is em es i um

Your Turn! Decline any 1 of your third declension vocabulary nouns on the whiteboard.

Nouns and Adjectives The adjectives you have learned thus far are called “1st/2nd declension adjectives” bonus, bona, bonum Therefore, they do not use 3rd declension endings!

bonus, bona, bonum Nom. bonus boni Gen. boni bonorum Dat. bono bonis Acc. bonum bonos Abl. bono bonis Masculine forms use 2nd declension endings. Nom. bona bonae Gen. bonae bonarum Dat. bonae bonis Acc. bonam bonas Abl. bonā bonis Feminine forms use 1st declension endings. Nom. bonum bona Gen. boni bonorum Dat. bono bonis Acc. bonum bona Abl. bono bonis Neuter forms use 2nd declension neuter endings.

Nouns and Adjectives But what if you need to use a 1st/2nd declension adjective to describe a 3rd declension noun?!?!

Nouns and Adjectives Remember our old abbreviation G-N-C? Nouns and adjectives agree in gender, number, and case. They DO NOT have to agree in declension! This means: often nouns and adjectives have endings that AGREE but AREN’T SPELLED the same way.

Nouns and Adjectives Let’s say we want to decline the pair of words “a good law.” lex, legis (f.)---law bonus, BONA, bonum---good So, a good law is a “lex bona” Let’s see what it looks like…

Lex Bona Singular Plural Nom. lex bona leges bonae Gen. legis bonae legum bonarum Dat. legi bonae legibus bonis Acc. legem bonam leges bonas Abl. lege bonā legibus bonis

Your Turn! Decline “arbor magna” on a single chart on the whiteboard. Decline “dux bonus” on a single chart on the whiteboard. “Dux” is masculine so “bonus” is masculine---use 2nd declension endings on “bonus.”

3rd Declension Practice! Worksheet Answers ducem: acc. sg. militis: gen. sg. regum: gen. pl. matribus: dat./abl. pl. arbores: nom./acc. pl. patri: dat. sg. lege: abl. pl. 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. A, B

3rd Declension Practice! Worksheet Answers Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. A, B

3rd Declension Practice! Worksheet Answers Equi militum sunt magni. Equi: nom. pl. subject Militum: gen. pl. “of” The horses of the soldiers are big.

3rd Declension Practice! Worksheet Answers Rex reginam amat. Rex: nom. sg., subject Reginam: acc. sg., direct object The king loves the queen.

3rd Declension Practice! Worksheet Answers Pater agricolas docebit. Pater: nom. Sg., subject Agricolas: acc. Pl., direct object Father will teach the farmers.

3rd Declension Practice! Worksheet Answers Equus ducis puellam terret. Equus: nom. Sg., subject Ducis: gen. sg., “of” Puellam: acc. Sg., direct object The horse of the leader frightens the girl.

3rd Declension Practice! Worksheet Answers Milites gladiis nautas pugnabunt. Milites: nom. Pl., subject Gladiis: abl. Pl., “by means of” Nautas: acc. Pl., direct object The soldiers will fight the sailors by means of swords (with swords).

3rd Declension Practice! Worksheet Answers Puellae arbores magnas amant. Puellae: nom. Pl., subject Arbores: acc. Pl., direct object The girls like/love the big trees.

3rd Declension Practice! Worksheet Answers Regina fratribus pecuniam donabat. Regina: nom. Sg., subject Fratribus: dat. Pl, indirect object “to/for” Pecuniam: acc. Sg., direct object The queen gave/was giving money to the brothers.

3rd Declension Practice! Worksheet Answers Agricola militibus viam longam monstrat. Agricola: nom. Sg., subject Militibus: dat. Pl., indirect object “to/for” Viam: acc. Sg., direct object The farmer shows the long road to the soldiers.

3rd Declension Practice! Worksheet Answers Cibus agricolae regem non servabit. Cibus: nom., sg., subject Agricolae: gen. sg., “of” Regem: acc. Sg., direct object. The food of the farmer will not save the king.

3rd Declension Practice! Worksheet Answers Dux regi victoriam militum nuntiat. Dux: nom. Sg., subject Regi: dat. Sg., indirect object “to/for” Victoriam: acc., sg., direct object Militum: gen. pl., “of” The leader announces the victory of the soldiers to the king.