1. Latin II Welcome-Back Review!
1st and 2nd declension nouns

2. Declension review!

3. Nouns are the names of
persons
places or
things.

4. Latin Nouns Have 4 Features
Case---how a noun works in its sentence.
Number---whether a noun is singular or plural (singular=one, plural=more than one)
Gender---whether a noun is masculine, feminine, or neuter.
Declension---each noun belongs to one of the 5 declensions: groups of nouns that share the same pattern of endings

5. In Latin, the use of the noun is determined by its case ending, not its place in the sentence.
There are five cases:
Nominative - subject and predicate nominative
Genitive – possession
Dative - indirect object
Accusative - direct object
Ablative – (various)

6. 1st Declension Nouns
Let’s learn how to write a 1st declension noun on its “declension chart.”
A declension chart shows the noun in all its cases (spellings).
For example…

7. AQUAM
AQUIS
AQUA
AQUAE
AQUĀ
AQUAS
AQUARUM

8. 1st Declension Nouns aqua, aquae (feminine) :water
1st declension nouns end in –ae in their genitive form (the 2nd form listed in the vocab list).
Most 1st declension nouns are feminine.
aqua, aquae (feminine)
:water

9. Step 1 – Find the noun stem
The noun stem is found by dropping the genitive singular ending from the noun.
Dictionary entry of a noun:
Puella puellae, f girl
Meaning
Genitive singular
Gender
Nominative singular
Puellae – ae = puell
Noun Stem

10. Finding noun stems aqua, aquae (f.) aqu- insula, insulae (f.) insul-
silva, silvae (f.)
silv-
via, viae (f.)
vi-

11. In Latin, the endings indicate the case of the noun.
Write these down!
(Endings)
Case Singular Plural
Nominative a ae
Genitive ae arum
Dative ae is
Accusative am as
Ablative ā is
Example:
insularum = plural genitive

12. Step 2: Add the case endings to the noun stem.
Singular Plural
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
On your whiteboard, decline the following 2 nouns:
via, viae (f.) and aqua, aquae (f.)

13. Let’s Review!
2ND DECLENSION: Nouns that have –i in their genitive singular are 2nd declension.
amicus, amici (m.)
vir, viri (m.)
ager, agri (m.)

14. Dictionary entry of a noun: servus servi, m. slave
Step 1 – Find the noun stem
The noun stem is found by dropping the genitive singular ending from the noun.
Dictionary entry of a noun:
servus servi, m slave
Nominative singular
Genitive singular
Gender
Meaning
servi – i = serv-
Noun Stem

15. Dictionary entry of a noun: ager agri, m. field
Step 1 – Find the noun stem
The noun stem is found by dropping the genitive singular ending from the noun.
Dictionary entry of a noun:
ager agri, m field
Meaning
Nominative singular
Genitive singular
Gender
agri – i = agr-
Noun Stem

16. Nominative servus servi Genitive servi servorum Dative servo servis
In Latin, the endings indicate the case of the noun. servus, servi (m.) --- slave
Case Singular Plural
Nominative servus servi
Genitive servi servorum
Dative servo servis
Accusative servum servos
Ablative servo servis

17. Accusative agrum agros Ablative agro agris
By following the stem rule, a word like “ager” loses its “-e” after the first form. ager, agri (m.) --- field
Case Singular Plural
Nominative ager agri
Genitive agri agrorum
Dative agro agris
Accusative agrum agros
Ablative agro agris

18. Let’s Review: Neuter Nouns
2nd declension neuter nouns have –um in the nominative case and –i in the genitive case.
frumentum, frumenti (n.)
signum, signi (n.)

19. Dictionary entry of a noun: signum signi, n. sign
Find the noun stem
The noun stem is found by dropping the genitive singular ending from the noun.
Dictionary entry of a noun:
signum signi, n sign
Meaning
Genitive singular
Gender
Nominative singular
signi – i = sign-
Noun Stem

20. Neuter Rule
The nominative and accusative cases of neuter nouns always have the same endings.
The plural nominative and accusative ending of neuter nouns is always –A.

21. Nominative signum signa Genitive signi signorum Dative signo signis
Neuter Nouns have the same endings as masculine, except for 3 differences. signum, signi (n.) --- sign
Case Singular Plural
Nominative signum signa
Genitive signi signorum
Dative signo signis
Accusative signum signa
Ablative signo signis

22. WARNING! We’ve seen that neuter nom/acc plurals end in –a.
Remember that 1st declension singular words can end in –a, too!
If a word ends in –a and is feminine or masculine, it’s singular. (It’s 1st declension.)
puella, casa, agricola: girl, house, farmer

23. WARNING!
If a word ends in –a and is neuter, it’s plural. (2nd declension neuter)
signa, praemia, consilia: signs, rewards, plans
Look in the glossary or vocab list if you’ve forgotten the gender.
It’s not magic…it’s just a matter of looking up the gender!

24. Singular Plural Nom. -a -ae Gen. -ae -arum Dat. -ae -is Acc. -am -as
Abl a is
1st Declension
2nd Declension Masculine
2nd Declension Neuter
Singular Plural
Nom us/-er/-ir -i
Gen i orum
Dat o is
Acc um os
Abl o is
Singular Plural
Nom um -a
Gen i orum
Dat o is
Acc um a
Abl o is

25. Decline ancilla, ancillae (f.)
Singular Plural
Nom a ae
Gen ae arum
Dat ae is
Acc am as
Abl a is
1st Declension
Decline ager, agri (m.)
Decline oppidum, oppidi (n.)
2nd Declension Masculine
2nd Declension Neuter
Singular Plural
Nom us/-er/-ir -i
Gen i orum
Dat o is
Acc um os
Abl o is
Singular Plural
Nom um -a
Gen i orum
Dat o is
Acc um a
Abl o is

26. Name That Declension! 1st umbra, umbrae (f.) shadow
oppidum, oppidi (n.) town
lupus, lupi (m.) wolf
luna, lunae (f.) moon
vir, viri (m.) man
nasus, nasi (m.) nose
mensa, mensae (f.) table
2nd (n.)
2nd (m.)
1st
2nd (m.)
2nd (m.)
1st

27. Give the CASE and NUMBER for the following forms.
umbra
oppida
lupis
lunarum
vir
naso
mensā
Nom. Sg.
nasorum
viri
lupum
oppidi
umbram
lunae
mensas
Gen. Pl.
Nom./Acc. Pl.
Gen. Sg./Nom. Pl.
Dat./Abl. Pl.
Acc. Sg.
Gen. Pl.
Gen. Sg.
Nom. Sg.
Acc. Sg.
Dat./Abl. Sg.
Gen./Dat. Sg., Nom. Pl.
Acc. Pl.
Abl. Sg.

28. Singular Plural Nom. cura curae Gen. curae curarum Dat. curae curis
Acc curam curas
Abl curā curis
1st Declension
2nd Declension Masculine
2nd Declension Neuter
Singular Plural
Nom lorum lora
Gen lori lororum
Dat loro loris
Acc lorum lora
Abl loro loris
Singular Plural
Nom lupus lupi
Gen lupi luporum
Dat lupo lupis
Acc lupum lupos
Abl lupo lupis