Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Review

Photosynthesis equation What is it? CO2 + H2O + light energy > C6H12O6 + O2 What is C6H12O6? Sugar What do plants need it for? energy Plants turn light energy into Chemical energy

Chloroplast Site of? photosynthesis Parts? Thylakoids Contain? Chlorophyll Stroma Thick liquid What is made here? glucose

Chlorophyll What is it? Light energy absorbing molecule Why are plants green? Chlorophyll reflects green light

Organisms What organisms make their own food? Autotrophs Also known as producers What organisms must consume their food? heterotrophs

2 stages of photosynthesis First stage Light dependent stage Occurs where? Thylakoid What is used? Light energy and water What is made? ATP, NADPH What is released into the atmosphere? Oxygen

2 stages of photosynthesis First stage Light dependent stage Photosystem II Sun charges electrons from water Those electrons do what? Travel down ETC, pull hydrogens into the thylakoid, losing energy Photosystem I Electrons get recharged, attach to NADP, make NADPH, go to stroma What does the concentration of hydrogen allow to happen? H+ to move through membrane and ATP synthase makes ATP Where does that ATP go? To the stroma, to light dependent rxn

2 stages of photosynthesis Second stage Light independent stage Occurs where? Stroma Also known as Calvin Cycle, Dark Reaction What is used? CO2 The energy from the ATP and NADPH What is recycled back to the thylakoids? ADP, NADP What is made? Glucose

ATP Stands for? Adenosine triphosphate What kind of energy is it? Chemical Where is the energy stored? In the phosphate bond How are ATP and ADP different? Number of phosphate bonds ATP has stored energy, like a charged battery, and ADP is like a battery that needs to be charged

Cellular Respiration What is the equation? C6H12O6 + O2 > H2O + CO2 + ATP How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related? The products of one are the reactants for the other

Glycolysis Aerobic or anaerobic? Starting material? Glucose That is broken down into 2 pyruvates Net # of ATP made? 2 Electron carrier filled? NAD+ > NADH Location? Cytoplasm

If Oxygen is present, we proceed to Krebs Cycle Also known as TCA Cycle, Citric Acid Cycle Pyruvates are converted into what compound before entering Krebs? Acetyl CoA What is the first compound made? Citric acid Net # of ATP? 2, one per turn of the cycle, one turn for each pyruvate Electron carriers filled? NADH and FADH2 What is released? CO2 Location? Mitochondrial Matrix

If Oxygen is present, we proceed to Next is the Electron Transport Chain Also known as ETC Net # of ATP? 32 Hydrogens dropped off by electron carriers create a Concentration gradient Electron move down the chain, to their final electron acceptor, which is? Oxygen This energy allows for ADP to be made into ATP What is released? Water Location? Mitochondria, inner membrane

If Oxygen is not present, we proceed to Fermentation Glucose is broken down in the Absence of oxygen Anaerobic Two types Lactic acid fermentation Produces Lactic acid Recycles NADH back to NAD+ Alcohol fermentation ethanol

Which gives more energy, aerobic or anaerobic respiration? Think back to the GIZMO What affects the rate of photosynthesis? Light color, light intensity, temperature, amount of CO2

Questions

How many ATP does ETC make? 36 2 32 4

How are the electrons carried to the ETC in cellular respiration? NADPH NADH FADH2 b and c

Why does lactic acid fermentation occur? Because of strenuous exercise Muscle cells do not have enough oxygen You are born with it a and b

Where does alcohol fermentation occur? Fruit Sugar Vegetables Yeast

What is the equation for photosynthesis? CO2 + O2 > C6H12O6 + ATP CO2 + H2O + Light energy > C6H12O6 + O2 C6H12O6 + light energy + O2 > CO2 + H2O CO2 + H2O > C6H12O6 + O2

Where does the light dependent reaction happen? stem thylakoid Xylem tissue stroma

What is the function of the spongy mesophyll? Gases can pass through easily Has many chloroplasts Moves water Moves glucose

What does ATP stand for? Adenosine diphosphate Adenosine triphosphate Adenosine phosphate Adenosine biphosphate

How much ATP does Glycolysis make (the net amount)? 2 4 32 36

Where is the Kreb Cycle carried out? nucleus cytoplasm Mitochondrial matrix Mitochondrial membrane space

Where does glycolysis occur? ribosome nucleus Mitochondria cytoplasm