1. Cell energy test review

2. What is the original source of energy for all living things?
The sun

3. What is the pigment that is the most dominant is plants?
Chlorophyll

4. Why is Chlorophyll Green?
It reflects the wavelength for green and absorbs all of the other colored wavelengths

5. Gases can enter and exit a leaf through what opening?

6. What part of the leaf allows the stomata to open and close?

7. What part of the leaf contains the most chloroplasts and is responsible for the most photosynthesis production?
Palisade Mesophyll

8. What happens to ATP when it turns into ADP?
ATP loses a Phosphate

9. How does the ATP cycle get regenerated? (What do you have to do)

10. What is the purpose of photosynthesis?
To turn solar energy from the sun into chemical energy for us to use (glucose/ATP)

11. What is the formula for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H O2

12. What are the two reaction stages that occur during Photosynthesis?
Light reactions and Calvin Cycle

13. What part of the Chloroplast does the light reactions occur?
Thylakoid

14. What are the three products that are made during the light reactions
What are the three products that are made during the light reactions? Which two of those products head to the Calvin Cycle?
ATP and NADPH head to the Calvin cycle the other product formed in Oxygen

15. What part of the Chloroplast does the Calvin Cycle Occur?
Stroma

16. What is the important product made at the end of the Calvin Cycle?
Glucose

17. How many times does the Calvin cycle have to turn in order to make Glucose?

18. What gas would you be collecting if you collected a gas being given off of a plant in bright sunlight?
Oxygen ( gas product made during photosynthesis )

19. Write the formula for cellular respiration:
C6H O2  6CO2 + 6H2O

20. What are the three reaction stages that occur during cell respiration and what order do they occur in?
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain

21. What part of the cell does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm

22. What are the 3 products made during glycolysis when glucose gets split?
Pyruvic Acid, ATP, NADH

23. Which of those three products travels to the ETC?
NADH

24. How many ATP are made during glycolysis?

25. Where does the Krebs Cycle take place in the Mitochondria?
Matrix

26. What does the Pyruvic Acid turn into before it enters the cycle?
Acetyl CoA

27. What are the 4 products made during the Krebs Cycle?
CO2, NADH, FADH2, ATP

28. How many times does the Krebs Cycle have to cycle in order to break down all of the Pyruvic Acid?

29. Where does the electron transport take place on the mitochondria?
Inner Membrane

30. What is the final electron acceptor for electrons that are done being used in the electron transport chain? What product do they help make?
Oxygen takes the electrons and forms water

31. What are the two electron carriers used during Cell Respiration
What are the two electron carriers used during Cell Respiration? These two carriers transport electrons to the electron transport chain
NADH (NAD+) and FADH2 (FAD)

32. Each FADH2 makes _____ ATP and each NADH makes _____ ATP
FADH2 = 2 ATP and NADH = 3 ATP

33. In which stage of cellular respiration is the most ATP made
In which stage of cellular respiration is the most ATP made? How much ATP is made there?
Electron Transport Chain (34 total)

34. What type of respiration is used when the conditions are ANAEROBIC?
Fermentation

35. What do muscle cells produce when they are exercised excessively in the absence of oxygen?
Lactic Acid (they undergo lactic acid fermentation, “sprinting” )

36. What do you produce during Fermentation that goes back to glycolysis and allows the process to start again?
NAD+

37. What is the product made during Alcoholic Fermentation?
Ethyl Alcohol

38. Final Wager Question: What is the only reaction stage we talked about that happens in all cells?
Glycolysis