1. Cellular Respiration 6 O2 + C6H12O CO2 + 6H2O + energy Oxygen Glucose produce Carbon dioxide + Water + energy
RESPIRATION - the process that occurs in cells in which cells break down sugar for ENERGY!
Occurs in cytoplasm and Mitochondria
Who does this? Autotrophs and Heterotrophs

2. Cell Respiration can take 2 pathways – both start with GLYCOLYSIS!
Means “Splitting Glucose”
glyco – refers to glucose
lysis – to break down
Glucose is broken down into 2 molecules called Pyruvate.
Happens in the Cytoplasm.
Anaerobic which means does NOT require O2
YIELDS: 2 ATP
(Pyruvate and NADH)
Glycolysis

3. Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain
KREBS CYCLE & ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
Pyruvate travel to the Mitochondria and enter the Krebs Cycle then the Electron Transport Chain
Aerobic which means NEEDS O2
YIELDS: 34 ATP, CO2, H20
36 ATP made but 2 used to move into mitochondria

4. Krebs Cycle Electron Transport (AKA citric acid cycle) Chain (ETC)
The 2 pyruvate from glycolysis diffuse into the matrix of the mitochondria. The 2 pyruvate are converted into 2 acetyl-CoA and 2 CO2 are released. Each Acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs Cycle. (2 complete cycles total)
YIELD: 8 NADH, 2 FADH2, ATP, 6CO2
Occurs in cristae in mitochondria. Electron acceptors in the chain accept NADH/FADH2 electrons. As electrons pass down molecules to O2 – the O2 combines with H atoms to form H2O and ATP.
YIELD: 10 NADH converts to 30 ATP, 2 FADH2 converts to 4 ATP, 6H2O
(FADH produces 2 ATP, NADH produces 3 ATP)

5. ONE glucose produces 36 ATP during respiration!
38 made and 2 lost traveling to mitochondria

6. What is there if NO OXYGEN?
FERMENTATION
Anaerobic
Happens in cytoplasm, when the cells are deprived of O2
Lactic Acid forms during increased muscle activity! Cramps result from an increased acidity level.
Alcohol fermentation occurs in fungi such as yeast and some bacteria to produce ethanol and CO2.
Used in bread, wine and beer

7. Electron Transport Chain (34 ATP)
Glycolysis (2 ATP)
No oxygen present
(Anaerobic respiration)
Oxygen present
(Aerobic respiration)
Krebs Cycle (2 ATP)
Fermentation pathways (0 ATP)
2 types:
Alcoholic fermentation
Lactic Acid fermentation
Electron Transport Chain (34 ATP)
36 ATP TOTAL

8. Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration
Occurs in producers (autotrophs)
Reactions take place in chloroplasts
Pathway:
1. Light reactions
(light dependent)
2. Dark reactions
(light independent)
Final results:
*CO2 and H2O are REACTANTS
*Glucose and O2 are PRODUCTS
Occurs in ALL organisms (autotrophs and heterotrophs)
Reactions take place in cytoplasm and mitochondria
Pathway:
1. Glycolysis - cytoplasm
2. Anaerobic (fermentation)
or Aerobic (Krebs and ETC)
Final results:
* No O2: fermentation - 2 ATP
*O2: – 38 ATP
*Glucose and Oxygen are REACTANTS
*H2O and CO2 are PRODUCTS