1. Energy in the Cell
Ch 6&7 ADV
Ch 5 Standard

2. ENERGY Is an important requirement of LIFE
Energy is stored in ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
ATP is composed of one adenosine attached to THREE phosphate groups.
The energy in ATP is released when the bond is broken between the phosphate groups.
Cells recycle ADP (adenosine diphosphate) to make new ATP to store more energy for future use.

3. www.nclark.net ATP ADP Phosphate Adenosine
High-energy bond: Stores much energy
*This energy is released when the bond is broken*
Energy
Adenosine
Phosphate
ADP

4. The bond between the second and third phosphate groups can be broken to release a small amount of energy.
The molecule that is left over called ADP, because it is a "diphosphate," can be recharged again to produce more ATP.
To recharge your ATP, all you have to do is provide an energy source, such as the carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in a cheeseburger.

5. All organisms (cells) require energy for:
Active transport
Cell DIVISION
PROTEIN Production
Building cell ORGANELLES
Maintaining HOMEOSTASIS
Transporting ions and removing WASTE

6. Overview of Photosynthesis
Plants use sunlight energy to make glucose (CARBOHYDRATES) that STORE energy.
Carried out by green plants and some bacteria
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast.
Purpose: to trap sun’s energy and store it in glucose
AUTOTROPH - Organism that makes its own food using the process of photosynthesis.

7. Overview of Photosynthesis
2 Stages of Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Sunlight
Glucose
Oxygen

9. Light Dependent Reactions
Occurs in the THYLAKOID inside the CHLOROPLAST.
ii. Thylakoids are green because they contain the CHLOROPHYLL needed to absorb light energy.
iii. Light energy is converted to ATP (CHEMICAL Energy).

10. Light Independent Reactions CALVIN CYCLE
Occurs in the STROMA.
CO2 combines with ATP to produce GLUCOSE.

11. Cellular Respiration
Plants and animals carry out cellular respiration to RELEASE the energy stored in glucose.
Takes place in the MITOCHONDRIA.
HETEROTROPHS - Organism that releases energy from the food it CONSUMES.

12. Overview of Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 →6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Steps of aerobic respiration (requires oxygen)
Glycolysis: First step breaks down glucose into pyruvate
Intermediate step: Change pyruvate to acetyl CoA
Citric Acid Cycle: Second step uses the acetyl CoA to make electrons for the last step
Electron transport chain: Third step uses the electrons to make a lot of ATP
Glucose
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Water

13. Photosynthesis and respiration are the opposite of each other.

14. Photosynthesis and Respiration

15. Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Process
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Takes Place In:
PLANTS
PLANTS & ANIMALS
Organelle
CHOLROPLASTS
MITOCHONDRIA
Energy Is:
STORED IN GLUCOSE
RELEASED FROM GLUCOSE
Takes in
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
Gives off
Equation:
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H O2
C6H O2→ 6CO2 + 6H2O

16. Cellular Respiration aerobic respiration (requires oxygen)
Glycolysis: First step breaks down glucose into pyruvate
Intermediate step: Change pyruvate to acetyl CoA
Citric Acid Cycle: Second step uses the acetyl CoA to make electrons for the last step
Electron transport chain: Third step uses the electrons to make a lot of ATP

17. Fermentation Anaerobic respiration (requires no oxygen)
Also called fermentation
2 types: alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation
Both begin with glycolysis
No citric acid cycle or electron transport chain

19. Sources of information
Pictures, examples, and charts were taken from a variety of online sources.