1. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Vocabulary

2. ATP – Adenosine Triphosphate
Cellular Energy

3. ADP – Adenosine Diphosphate
Expended (used up) cellular energy; waiting to be recharged.

4. Chemosynthesis
Using chemicals (instead of light) to make food/energy.

5. Photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and sunlight make glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2)
Sunlight
CO2 + H2O  C6H12O6 + O2

6. Chloroplast
Organelle where photosynthesis occurs

7. Chlorophyll
Green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs sunlight

8. Stroma
Fluid outside the thylakoid where light- independent reaction occurs

9. Granum (grana)
Stacks of thylakoids in the chloroplast

10. Thylakoid
Disk-like structure in a chloroplast where light-dependent reaction occurs.
Contains chlorophyll

11. Stomata
Small pores on the bottom of leaves that allow CO2 in and H20 & O2 out.

12. Light-dependent reaction
Sunlight & water enter, oxygen & energy exit
Sunlight is used to break apart water to make energy for the light independent reaction and oxygen as a waste product.
Takes place in the thylakoid of the chloroplast.

13. Light-independent reaction
Energy & carbon dioxide enter, glucose exits
Uses the energy from the light-dependent reaction and carbon dioxide to make glucose.
Takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast.

14. Calvin Cycle Another name for the light-independent reaction.
Carbon dioxide and energy are used to make glucose in the stroma of the chloroplast

15. Cellular Respiration
Cells make ATP by breaking down glucose.

16. Glycolysis Anaerobic process where glucose is broken down to pyruvate
Takes place in the cytoplasm

17. Cytoplasm
Where glycolysis happens

18. Mitochondria
Organelle where cellular respiration occurs.

19. Krebs Cycle Breaks down pyruvate into carbon dioxide and energy.
Takes place in the matrix
Also called the Citric Acid Cycle

20. Citric Acid Cycle
Another name for the Krebs Cycle

21. Mitochondrial Matrix
The space inside the mitochondria where the Krebs Cycle occurs

22. Pyruvate
A 3-carbon molecule made during glycolysis and used in the Krebs cycle
Used in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration

23. Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
Occurs in the cristae of the mitochondria
Movement of electrons to make ATP

24. Mitochondrial Cristae
The inner membrane of the mitochondria where the ETC (electron transport chain) happens.

25. Aerobic
With oxygen
Krebs and ETC

26. Anaerobic
Without oxygen
Glycolysis and Fermentation

27. Fermentation The breakdown of glucose without the use of oxygen
Can produce lactic acid or alcohol.

28. Lactic Acid
Created during fermentation & causes burning feeling in muscles

29. Reactants
Left side of the arrow; Materials that go “into” a reaction and are changed

30. Products
Right side of the arrow; Materials that are created & come “out” of a reaction

31. Xylem
Vascular tissue of the plant that carries water

32. Phloem
Vascular tissue of the plant that carries food.