EARLY AMERICAN PRESIDENTS

George Washington 1789-1797 No Political Party VP – John Adams

George Washington Was not a Politician Relied on His Cabinet for Help

Alexander Hamilton Secretary of Treasury Raised taxes to cover debt from Revolutionary War Created 1st National Bank to hold all tax money

Alexander Hamilton Secretary of Treasury The bank upset those who feared a strong national gov’t (Anti-Federalists)

Jay’s Treaty Allowed Great Britain to leave some military forts in US in NW territories First time Americans became upset with George Washington

Began to emerge during Washington’s Presidency Political Parties Began to emerge during Washington’s Presidency

John Adams 1797 – 1801 Federalist VP – Thomas Jefferson

John Adams XYZ Affair America refused to bribe French officials to stop piracy of US Ships

John Adams Alien &Sedition Act illegal to criticize gov’t officials w/o proof Upset Dem-Rep cause violated First Amendment

Democratic– Republican Aaron Burr, George Clinton Thomas Jefferson 1801-1809 Democratic– Republican Aaron Burr, George Clinton

Thomas Jefferson Election of 1800 TJ’s Goal First Peaceful Transfer of Power TJ’s Goal Reduce the role and size of federal government

Thomas Jefferson Embargo Act Eliminated trade with foreign countries in Europe due to piracy

Supreme Court Under Jefferson, Supreme Court sought to establish its power in the new gov’t

Thomas Jefferson Marbury vs. Madison Established Judicial Review for all court cases in US

Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall Marbury vs Madison gave court judicial review

Supreme Court McCullough vs Maryland prohibited states from taxing agencies of the federal gov’t

Democratic-Republican Eldridge Gary James Madison 1809-1817 Democratic-Republican Eldridge Gary

War of 1812 1812-1814 Fought between US and Great Britain over freedom of the Sea and Native American Conflicts

Extremely unpopular war on both sides War of 1812 Extremely unpopular war on both sides

Treaty of Ghent Officially ended War Neutral victory America gained Oregon Territory Americans began to move into FL (Spanish Territory)

James Monroe 1817 – 1825 National Republican VP - Daniel Tompkins

James Monroe Wanted Europe to stay out of US Affairs Created a rise in Nationalism in America

James Monroe Adams-Onis Treaty US acquired the Florida Territory from Spain

Monroe Doctrine Created to keep Europe out of the affairs of America It had four major provisions (essential Knowledge)

MONROE DOCTRINE The American continents should not be considered for future colonization by any European powers. Nations in the Western Hemisphere were inherently different from those of Europe, republics by nature rather than monarchies.

MONROE DOCTRINE The United States would regard as a threat to its own peace and safety any attempt by European powers to impose their system on any independent state in the Western Hemisphere. The United States would not interfere in European affairs.