Jackson as President As suffrage continued by 1840 more than 80% of white males voted for president.

Jackson as President During the Jackson era the political parties abandoned the caucus system, or committee, adopting nominating conventions with delegates from the states.

Tariff Debate Americans were divided on the use of tariffs-(Tax on imports) In 1828 Congress passed a high tariff on European manufactured goods. Northerners liked it because it protected American goods Southerners did not because it made prices higher anyway- South regarded it as Tariff of Abominations

Tariff Debate South Protests. John C Calhoun argued states had the right to nullify or cancel federal law it considered against state interests. Some southerners called for the south to secede.

Tariff Debate South Protests. Calhoun drew up the idea of secession from Madison & Jefferson Calhoun argued that the federal government is a creation from the states and the states are the final authority of constitutionality of federal law.

Tariff Debate Webster- Hayne Debate Daniel Webster delivered a speech attacking nullification. Robert Hayne delivered the opposite saying states had the right to nullify federal law and even to secede. Seeds of the Civil War have germinated.

Tariff Debate Webster- Hayne Debate Webster argued nullification could only mean the end of the Union.

Tariff Debate Jackson Takes a Stand No one knew where Jackson stood on Nullification At a dinner Jackson stated his position and said “Our federal union…must be preserved.”

Tariff Debate Calhoun fired back with toast “The Union- next to our liberty most dear.” Calhoun meant the union should take second to a state’s liberty if its interests are threatened.

Tariff Debate Nullification Crisis Southern Anger over the Tariff continued to grow. 1832 Congress passed a lower tariff, but this did not ease the anger of the South.

Tariff Debate Nullification Crisis South Carolina led a fight against the Tariff of Abominations- the tax on manufactured goods from Europe. The SC state legislature passed the Nullification Act- declaring it would not pay the “illegal tariffs” of 1828 & 1832. (1)

Tariff Debate Nullification Crisis To ease the crisis Jackson support a compromise bill proposed Henry Clay that would reduce the tariff over several years.

Tariff Debate Nullification Crisis Jackson wanted to make sure the South would accept Clay’s compromise. In 1833 Jackson persuaded Congress to pass the Force Bill- allowing the President to use military to enforce acts of Congress.

Tariff Debate Nullification Crisis SC in response accepted the new tariff, but state leaders voted to nullify the force act. Calhoun & his supporters then claimed victory.

Tariff Debate Nullification Crisis For a time the crisis btx the SC state government & Federal government was over. That said the South would remember the lessons of the nullification crisis- that the federal government would not allow state to go on its own w/o a fight. PPX 11-1B