1. Thinking Questions: The Missouri Controversy
Map: The U.S. in 1819
1) How many “free states” were there in 1819?
2) How many slave states were there in 1819?
3) Why would this have been considered important?
4) What was the solution to the Missouri Controversy?
5) What were the potential problems with this solution?

2. Class #2, week of February 4
United States History
Class #2, week of February 4

3. Slavery and the Nullification Crisis

4. The Issue of Tariffs Tariff: A tax on imported goods
A tariff raises revenue for the government, and also protects domestic industries by raising the price of goods imported from other countries

5. Tariffs were controversial because they benefitted Northern manufacturers at the expense of Southern planters:
1828: “Tariff of Abominations
Import Duties: 33%  50%
Raised the price of manufactured goods from foreign countries, allowing the new factories in the North to compete
Foreign countries retaliated by placing tariffs on American goods; Southerners made most of their money by exporting cotton
“Tariff of Abominations:” Tariff Act that increased the taxes on imported manufactured goods
Some extremists in the South suggested that the South should leave the Union over this issue

6. The Nullification Doctrine
1799 – Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
1828 – The South Carolina Exposition
Written (anonymously) by John C. Calhoun, Vice President under Andrew Jackson
Nullification Doctrine
1) State may choose to nullify (refuse to enforce) a federal law that is Unconstitutional
2) Federal government may respond by accepting non-enforcement, or enacting a Constitutional amendment
3) If an Amendment is enacted, the nullifying state may choose to accept it, or secede
John C. Calhoun—Vice President under Andrew Jackson (1829 – 1833)
Proposed the Doctrine of Nullification; that a state can reject (and refuse to enforce) a federal law that it felt was Unconstitutional

7. The Nullification Debate
The Webster-Hayne Debate (January 1830)—Debate over Nullifcation on the floor of the Senate
Daniel Webster (Mass.)—opposes nullification
Daniel Hayne (SC)—supports nullification
The Jefferson Dinner (April 1830)—Jackson and Calhoun’s dueling toasts
Jackson: “To the Union. It MUST be preserved”
Calhoun: “To the Union. Next to our liberty, the most dear.”
The Jefferson Day Dinner (April 1830)
The Webster-Hayne Debate (January 1830)

8. The Nullification Crisis
Tariff of 1832
November 1832—South Carolina nullifies the 1832 Tariff

9. What should President Jackson do?

10. The Nullification Crisis: Jackson’s Response
A) Jackson’s Proclamation—Nullification is absurd; Threatens military action against South Carolina
B) The Force Act—Congress authorizes the President to use the military to enforce the 1832 Tariff

11. Henry Clay and Compromise

12. After 1833, the Doctrine of Nullification was dead
What would the south do next time?