1. Conflict over States’ Rights
Chapter 12 Section 3

2. Rising Sectional Differences
In 1829, U.S. pulled apart by conflicts among its three main sections:
the Northeast
the South
the West
Cheap land attracts workers needed in Northeast factories
Westerners want cheap land in the West to attract settlers

3. Northeast and West wanted internal improvement
roads, canals
transportation of food, raw materials, manufactured goods
South opposes internal improvement funded by tariffs on imports
South opposes tariffs, economy depends on foreign trade
Northeast supports tariffs, encourages purchase of domestic products

5. Tariff of Abominations
At end of John Quincy Adams’s presidency, Congress passes tariff bill
Significantly raises tariffs on raw materials, manufactured goods
Angered by tariff bill, southerners call it Tariff of Abominations
Southerners claim Northeast interests control government policies

6. Why the North liked it …….

7. Crisis over Nullification
Vice-president John C. Calhoun creates doctrine of nullification:
state has right to reject federal law it considers unconstitutional
any state can nullify (reject) a federal law within its borders
Congress has no right to pass tariff favoring one area of nation
Doctrine gives South Carolina the right to nullify the tariff

8. The States’ Right Debate
Senate debates doctrine of nullification, Webster- Hayne debate (1830)
Senator Robert Y. Hayne, South Carolina, supports nullification:
gives states a lawful way to defend their freedom
Senator Daniel Webster, Massachusetts, opposes nullification:
the people not the states make the Union
President Andrew Jackson opposes nullification

10. South Carolina Threatens to Secede
Congress reduces tariff (1832), Southerners not satisfied
South Carolina threatens secession—withdrawal from the Union
Andrew Jackson says he will enforce federal laws
Congress passes compromise tariff (1833), South Carolina stays in Union