1. THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE AND NULLIFICATION CRISIS

2. 1) IN YOUR OWN WORDS, EXPLAIN HOW AND WHY MISSOURI’S APPLICATION FOR STATEHOOD CAUSED SECTIONALISM BETWEEN THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH TO INCREASE. MISSOURI APPLIED FOR STATEHOOD AND WOULD BE ADMITTED AS A SLAVE-STATE. MAINE ALSO APPLIED FOR STATEHOOD AND WOULD BE ADMITTED AS A FREE-STATE. ARGUMENTS BETWEEN THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH WOULD CONTINUE AS THE COUNTRY GREW WESTWARD.

3. 2) IN CHARLES PINCKNEY’S QUOTE, WHAT DID HE UNKNOWINGLY FORESHADOW? THE QUOTE IS FORESHADOWING THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR.

4. 3) WHAT WAS THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE? HOW DID IT HELP TO PREVENT FUTURE ISSUES REGARDING SLAVERY? THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE WAS A COMPROMISE BETWEEN NORTHERN (FREE) STATES AND SOUTHERN (SLAVE) STATES. SLAVERY WAS ALLOWED SOUTH OF THE LINE ESTABLISHED BY THE COMPROMISE. THIS WOULD INSURE THAT THERE WOULD BE A BALANCE OF POWER IN THE SENATE, WITH 11 FREE AND 11 SLAVE STATES.

5. 4.) WHAT WAS THE NULLIFICATION CRISIS A RESULT OF? THE NULLIFICATION CRISIS WAS A RESULT OF THE HIGH TARIFFS (TAXES) ON IMPORTED GOODS. THIS HURT THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY OF SOUTH CAROLINA.

6. 5.) WHAT IS A “TARIFF”? WHAT IS THE TARIFF DESIGNED TO DO? A TARIFF IS A TAX. A TARIFF IS USED TO RAISE MONEY FOR THE NATION AND TO SOMETIMES CONTROL TRADE.

7. 6.) HOW DID THE PROTECTIVE TARIFF HELP THE NORTHERN STATES? RAW MATERIALS (COTTON) WOULD HAVE TO BE SHIPPED TO NORTHERN FACTORIES. THIS WOULD BRING GREAT WEALTH AND POLITICAL POWER TO THE NORTH.

8. 7.) WHY DID SOUTHERN STATES OBJECT TO THE PROTECTIVE TARIFF? THE PROTECTIVE TARIFF RAISED THE PRICE ON FINISHED GOODS (EX. CLOTH). SOUTHERN STATES GOOD NOT AFFORD IMPORTED GOODS AND THE PRICE OF COTTON DROPPED DRAMATICALLY.

9. 8.) WHY DID JOHN C. CALHOUN WRITE SOUTH CAROLINA EXPOSITION AND PROTEST? CALHOUN ANONYMOUSLY WROTE THE SOUTH CAROLINA EXPOSITION AND PROTEST, TO SPEAK OUT AGAINST THE TARIFF OF 1828.

10. 9.) WHAT WAS JOHN C. CALHOUN’S ARGUMENT FOR NULLIFYING THE PROTECTIVE TAX IN 1828? SINCE THE STATES WERE ESTABLISHED BEFORE THE NATION, IT WAS A STATES RIGHT TO DECLARE A FEDERAL LAW OR TAX UNCONSTITUTIONAL IF IT WAS DAMAGING TO THAT STATE. THAT STATE COULD THEN NULLIFY (CANCEL) SUCH LAWS AND TAXES.

11. 10.) WHAT 2 WAYS DID CALHOUN’S ATTITUDE AND NULLIFICATION GOAL THREATEN NATIONAL UNITY? ONE WAY WAS THAT STATES COULD NULLIFY LAWS PASSED DOWN BY CONGRESS. ANOTHER IS THAT NULLIFICATION THREATENED THE EXCLUSIVE RIGHT OF THE SUPREME COURT TO DECIDE WHETHER OR NOT AN ACT OF CONGRESS WAS UNCONSTITUTIONAL.

12. 11.) USING THE BILL OF RIGHTS IN YOUR TEXTBOOK, WHAT AMENDMENTS COULD CALHOUN HAVE TRIED TO USE TO SUPPORT HIS CLAIM OF A STATES RIGHT TO NOT LISTEN TO THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT? AMENDMENT X

13. 12.) WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE 2 POLITICAL PARTIES THAT SOUTH CAROLINA DIVIDED INTO? STATES RIGHTS (WHIGS AND NULLIFIERS) PARTY SUPPORTED THE RIGHTS OF STATES AND STATE GOVERNMENTS. THE UNION (UNIONISTS) PARTY SUPPORTED ANDREW JACKSON AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.

14. 13.) HOW DID ANDREW JACKSON REACT TO THE NULLIFIERS & S.C. IGNORING THE 1832 TARIFF? JACKSON URGED CONGRESS TO PASS THE FORCE BILL. IT AUTHORIZED THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO SEND TROOPS TO COLLECT THE TARIFF IN SOUTH CAROLINA.

15. 14.) WHAT WAS THE EVENTUAL COMPROMISE THAT ENDED THE NULLIFICATION CRISIS? CONGRESS LOWERED THE TARIFF (TAX) OVER 9 YEARS, AND SOUTH CAROLINA REPEALED THE ORDINANCE OF NULLIFICATION, ENDING THE NULLIFICATION CRISIS.

16. 15.) WHAT WOULD YOU CONSIDER THE MAJOR ARGUMENTS REGARDING THE NULLIFICATION CRISIS? STATES RIGHTS VERSUS FEDERAL (NATIONAL) GOVERNMENT.

17. 16.) WHAT DID S.C. DO THAT WOULD CAUSE THEM TO BE CONSIDERED “RADICAL”? THE STATE HELD A CONVENTION AND VOTED TO NULLIFY THE TARIFF OF 1828.

18. 17.) WHAT DOES “SECESSION” MEAN? SECESSION MEANS TO PULL AWAY FROM OR TO BREAK AWAY FROM. IN THIS CASE, EVENTS LEADING TO THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR WOULD LEAD TO SOUTHERN STATES SECEDING FROM THE UNION (UNITED STATES).