Unit 1: Foundations of Government

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Presentation transcript:

Unit 1: Foundations of Government Government Systems, Types of Government, and Principles of Democracy

Government Systems Unitary system- gives all powers to the national or central government Confederate system- a loose union of independent and sovereign states

Government Systems (continued) Federal system- divides the powers of government between National government State/ provincial governments

Government Systems

Constitutions and Government constitution- plan that provides the rules for government Provides supreme law for states and their governments

Major Types of Government Governments can be classified according to who governs the state. Authoritarian Monarchy Democratic

Major Types of Government Authoritarian- few, if any, political freedoms Dictatorships- power is in the hands of one person Totalitarian- government has total control Oligarchy- a small group of people hold the power

Major Types of Government Monarchy Form of government where a king, queen, or emperor rules the people Two types of monarchies Absolute monarchy- the king or queen shares none of the power (Swaziland) Constitutional monarchy- the king or queen is limited by the law (England)

Major Types of Government Democracy The people hold the sovereign power of the government Example- United States

Major Types of Government Three types of democracy Direct democracy- people decide (e.g. vote on, form consensus on) policy initiatives directly. Representative democracy- founded on the principle of elected officials representing a group of people, as opposed to direct democracy. Republic- supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch

Role of the Executive- Presidential vs Role of the Executive- Presidential vs. Parliamentary System of Government Presidential system- the executive leader, the President, is directly voted upon by the people Parliamentary system- the executive leader, the Prime Minister, is elected from the legislative branch directly (Parliament).

Principles of Democracy Citizen Participation Regular Free and Fair Elections Accepting the Results of the Elections The Rule of Law Majority Rule with Minority Rights

Principles of Democracy Accountability Transparency Limited Government and a Bill of Rights Control of the Abuse of Power Economic Freedom

Principles of Democracy Equality Individual or Human Rights Independent Judiciary Competing Political Parties