Immigration and Urbanization Chapter 7 Immigration and Urbanization

1. For what reasons did millions of immigrants journey to the United States?

Eastern Europe: Russia and Austria-Hungary-Jews were being persecuted in a series of pogroms. Southern Europe-Italy- overpopulation and job scarcity China- Drawn by the Gold Rush in the 1850s, and to build the Transcontinental Railroad Japanese-Recruited by Hawaiian plantation owners to work Mexico- Political turmoil in Mexico

2. What difficulties did they face when they got to the United States? Ellis Island -Inspection station in New York Harbor Angel Island -Inspection station in San Francisco Bay for Asian immigrants. Melting pot -Blending of cultures

4. How did Nativists react to the influx of immigrants? Nativism- “Old Immigrants” felt superior to the “New” immigrants and formed anti- immigrant groups like the Immigration Restriction League.

Believed in Anglo-Saxons superiority(People from England and Germany) Helped to pass the Chinese Exclusion Act baring most Chinese immigrants in 1882 Theodore Roosevelt negotiated the Gentlemen’s Agreement with Japan to limit Japanese immigration in exchange for desegregating schools.

Challenges of Urbanization Chapter 7 Section 2

1. What problems did rapid growth cause for cities? Urbanization: Rapid growth of cities Tenements: Multifamily urban dwellings were overcrowded and unsanitary Garbage, sewage, and waters supply problems caused disease Crime, fires, etc.

What solutions to urban problems did the settlement house movement propose? Social Gospel Movement- preaches salvation through salvation through service to the poor Settlement houses- community centers in slums, help immigrants Provide educational, cultural and social services Jane Addams- Founded Hull House in Chicago

Critical Thinking Question How did “old” immigrants differ in their reactions to the “new” immigrants who arrived between 1870 and 1920? Who’s job do you think is it to help the poor and fix the problems in society (ie government, churches, people themselves)? Explain your answer.

1. What were the similarities and differences between the ideologies of Social Darwinism and Social Gospel? Definition: Social Darwinism Applying Darwin’s theory of natural selection to Human Society. Competition is essential in a free-market society. (ie. The rich industrialists used the excuse of Social Darwinism for why they were so rich.) Defended radical laissez-faire as being justified by laws of evolution

Ideology: An organized collection of ideas. Social Reform: Changes in society for the better Natural Selection: Process that living things survive due to their favorable traits