Everyone Should Know First Aid Chapter 1

Chapter 1 True/False Individually or with a partner, read the 6 statements and write down in your notebook if you believe they are true/false. At the end of the chapter, we will revisit these.

Brainstorm first aid situations With those around you, brainstorm as many situations as you can think of that may need first aid

If Not YOU….WHO

First Aid Statistics/Facts Over 40 million injury-related visits are made to U.S. hospital emergency departments each year Injuries result in more than 160,000 deaths in the U.S. each year Unintentional injuries cause most childhood deaths More than 70 million people in the U.S. have cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular disease causes about 700,000 deaths in the U.S. each year, which accounts for over 33% of all U.S. deaths annually About 700,000 Americans have strokes each year and of these, more than 160,000 die from the stroke

The EMS System The Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system is a network of community resources Begins when a responsible citizen recognizes that an emergency exists and decides to take action You call 9-1-1 and the dispatcher determines what help is needed Calling 9-1-1 is the most important action you can take in an emergency situation

Recognizing Emergencies Your senses –hearing, sight & smell may help you recognize an emergency. Emergencies are often signaled by something unusual that catches your attention. Unusual sights Stopped vehicle on roadside Broken glass Sparks, smoke or fire Unusual appearances or behaviors Unconsciousness Confused or unusual behavior Trouble breathing Clutching chest or throat Unexplainable confusion or drowsiness Unusual odors Odors that are stronger than usual Unrecognizable odors Inappropriate odors Unusual noises Screaming, yelling, moaning or calling for help Breaking glass, crashing metal or screeching tires Sudden, loud or unidentifiable sounds Unusual silence

You and the Emergency Medical System Your role in the EMS system includes four basic steps Step 1: Recognize that an emergency exists Usually when something unusual attracts your attention If someone is behaving strangely, whether you know them or not

You and the Emergency Medical System Step 2: Decide to Act When you recognize an emergency has occurred, you must decide whether to help & what to do In order to help, you must act

Scenarios 1-3 With a partner, look at scenarios 1-3 and answer each of the questions in your notebook

Factors that keep people from responding The presence of other people Ask if you can help. You may be the only person who knows first aid. Being unsure of the ill or injured person’s condition You are more likely to care for a loved one than for someone you don’t know Fear of catching a disease

How Disease Spreads Infectious diseases spread from one person to another when germs invade the body and causes illnesses Bacteria and viruses are most common Bacteria: can live outside the body & don’t depend on other organisms for life. Infections can be treated with antibiotics Viruses depend on other organisms to live and they are hard to remove once in the body.

How do we become infected? Bacteria & viruses spread from one person to another through touching, breathing, & biting Touching Germs from a person’s blood or other body fluids pass into your body through breaks or cuts in your skin Through the lining of your eyes, nose, or mouth Touch an object that has been soiled by a person’s blood or body fluids Breathing Common cold are transmitted by droplets in the air we breathe Passed on through contact with shared objects Spoons, doorknobs, pencils Bites Animals, including humans Hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency (HIV) Transmitted through blood-to-blood contact

HIV, AIDS and You Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a condition caused by HIV HIV damages the immune system and allows certain types of infections to develop People with AIDS eventually die from life-threatening infections Transmission during first aid Unprotected direct contact with infected blood Unprotected indirect contact with infected blood Touch an object that contains the blood

Brainstorm What are ways in which we can decrease our risk of getting or transmitting an infectious disease while giving first aid?

Factors that keep people from responding Fear of doing something wrong If you are not sure what to do, call 9-1-1 The worst thing you can do is nothing Fear of being sued All 50 states have enacted “Good Samaritan” laws Being unsure of when to call 9-1-1 Not sure if it’s an emergency situation If they’re wasting the time of the EMS

Good Samaritan Laws Laws that protect people who willingly give first aid without accepting anything in return Encourage people to help others in emergency situations Require “Good Samaritan” to use common sense and a reasonable level of skill, & to provide only the type of emergency first aid for which they are trained Can help without worrying about lawsuits

You and the Emergency Medical System Step 3: Activate the EMS System By calling 9-1-1 or the local emergency number May have to dial a number before dialing 9-1-1 if at a certain hotel, school, stores, etc. Step 4: Give Care Until Help Arrives Can mean the difference between life and death

Getting Permission to Give Care Before giving first aid you must have the person’s permission Known as consent You must tell the person: Who you are How much training you have What you think is wrong What you plan to do Do not give care to a conscious person who refuses it Instead, call 9-1-1 If the conscious person is a child or infant, you must gain consent from the parent If unconscious, permission is implied so give care

Good Samaritan Article reflection & presentation

Chapter 1 Review Read chapter 1 and answer the following questions in your notebook Correct your true/false statements. Write down the page number that you found the answer on.