1. First Aid
Chapter 1

2. What is an emergency?
Emergency: a serious, unexpected situation demanding immediate attention
First Aid: the immediate care given to a sick or injured person until full medical treatment is available

3. The Survival Chain 6 Links
Citizen Responder
EMS Dispatcher
The First Responder
EMT – Emergency Medical Technician
Hospital Care Provider
Rehabilitation

4. The Six Links The Citizen Responder EMS Dispatcher
Most important link because this person recognizes the emergency
Initiates the reaction to the emergency
Could be YOU
EMS Dispatcher
Who is called to determine what additional help needs to be sent
Also will provide further instructions for assistance

5. The Six Links First Responder
The first person to arrive on scene who is able to provide higher level of medical care
Firefighter, police

6. The Six Links EMT and Paramedics
Provide more advanced care & life saving techniques
Paramedic: a highly specialized EMT who can also administer medications & IV’s

7. The Six Links Hospital Care Givers Rehabilitation
This care begins once the victim enters the hospital.
Doctors, nurses, and therapist
Rehabilitation
Their goal is to return the victim to their previous state of health
Physical or occupational therapist or athletic trainers

8. The Six Links REVIEW! FIRST? Citizen Responder SECOND? EMS Dispatcher
THIRD?
FOURTH?
FIFTH?
SIXTH?
Citizen Responder
EMS Dispatcher
First Responder
EMT
Hospital Care Giver
Rehabilitation

9. Sudden illness Injury Life threatening Non life threatening
Types of Emergencies
Sudden illness
Injury
Life threatening
Non life threatening

10. Sudden Illness
A physical condition that requires immediate medical attention

11. Injury
Damage to the body from an external force

12. Emergencies
Life threatening
Non life threatening
Impairs the victims ability to circulate oxygenated blood to all the parts of their body
A situation that does not have an immediate impact on a victims ability to circulate oxygenated blood around their body

13. Emergencies – What kind am I?
Torn ACL?
Seizure?
Heart Attack?
Gun shot wound?
Drug overdose?

14. Recognizing an Emergency
Unusual Noise
Unusual Odor
Unusual Sight
Unusual Appearance/Behavior

15. Recognizing an Emergency
Unusual noise
Unusual odor
Breaking glass
Crashing medal
Screaming
Screeching tires
Examples?
Gasoline
Chlorine
Smoke
Unidentifiable odor
Examples?

16. Recognizing Emergencies
Unusual sights
Unusual appearance/behavior
Broken glass
Stopped vehicle
Spilled medicine on counter
Smoke/fire
Downed electrical wires
Unconsciousness
Clenching throat
Clenching chest
Excessive sweating
Inability to move
Breathing difficulty
Jaundice

17. What happened??

18. What happened??

19. What happened??

20. Deciding to ACT! Why may people hesitate to act?
What are barriers that prevent people from acting?

21. Deciding to ACT! Presence of bystanders Fear
“Oh, they will do something”
Shy
The more people around the more responsibility gets passed along
Fear
Afraid of doing something wrong in front of others
Good Samaritan Law
A bystander has to help a victim unless his or her life would become endangered by assisting
May not be sued if other injuries occur

22. Deciding to ACT! Uncertainty about victim Nature of the injury
Uncomfortable with the age, race, or disability of victim
Do not take any behavior personally
Nature of the injury
Uncomfortable with blood, vomit, odors
It is OK to turn away for a moment to compose yourself

23. Deciding to ACT! Fear of transmission Fear of transmission of diseases
This is why it is necessary to have a First Aid Kit ready and available
car & home

24. Be Prepared
Keep information about you and your family in a handy place
Refrigerator
Keep medical records/insurance information up to date
Teach children how to call 9-1-1
Keep emergency phone number
Local police, fire department, poison control
First Aid Kit