2. Chapter1 Everyone should know first Aid

3. Recognizing Emergencies Your senses- hearing, sight and smell- may help you recognize an emergency. Emergencies are often signaled by something unusual that catches your attention. In a group of 3- give examples of emergencies

4. You and the Emergency Medical System 1.Recognize that an emergency exists. 2.Decide to act. 3.Call EMS 4.Provide care until help arrives.

5. Recognizing Emergencies Unusual noises A.Yelling for help B.Tires screeching C. Breaking glass Unusual sights A. Stopped vehicle B. Broken glass C. Spilled medicine container D. Downed electrical wires

6. Recognizing Emergencies Unusual odors A. Gasoline and chlorine B. Inappropriate odors Unusual appearance and behavior- A. Breathing difficulty B. Slurred speech C. Confused or unusual behavior

7. Disease Transmission Infectious Diseases: Those passed from one person to another Most Common Pathogens Are: Bacteria Viruses HIV & AIDS: HIV- Human Immune Virus- attacks the immune system AIDS- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

8. Disease Transmission 1.Victim has to be infected 2.Rescuer providing first aid must be exposed to an infected persons airborne cough. 3.Rescuer must come in contact through the mucous membranes in mouth and eyes 4.Must be a significant amount of a pathogen (disease carrying microorganism) In order to become infected:

9. Transmission: 1.Direct contact- blood to blood (needles) 2.Sexual contact- through mucous membranes 3.Delivery- mother to child Prevention: 1.Do not share needles 2.Always have protected sexual intercourse.

10. First Aid Precautions: A. Wear Gloves B. Wear a mask C. If you do not have gloves, use a protective barrier D. Wash hands before and after giving care E. Avoid touching and being splashed by blood or body fluids

11. Preparing for Emergencies 1.Keep important information about you and your family in a convenient place. 2.Keep medical and insurance records up to date. 3.List emergency numbers by the phone and teach children how to call 911 4.Keep a first aid kit handy 5.Make sure the house/apt. number is easy to read. 6.Wear a medic alert tag if needed

12. Good Samaritan Laws 1.Move the victim only if their life is in danger. 2.Check the scene for life threatening injuries 3.Call 911 4.Ask a conscious person for permission to help 5.Provide care only at your level of training 6.Continue to provide care until help arrives. This law protects you as long as you act as a reasonable and prudent person:

13. Chapter 2 Taking Action

14. Emergency Action Steps: 1.Check the scene and victim 2.Call 911 3.Care for the victim until help arrives

15. Calling 911 A.When to call 1. Unconscious/altered consciousness 2. Breathing problems 3. Persistent chest pain/abdominal pain 4.No pulse 5. Severe bleeding 6. Vomiting/passing blood 7. Poisoning/suspected planning 8. Seizures, severe headaches 9. Injuries to the head, neck or back 10. Broken Bones

16. Checking the Scene Before you help someone, you must make sure the scene is safe. Look the scene over and ask yourself the following questions

17. Checking the Scene Is it safe? –Check for anything unsafe –Are there spilled chemicals, traffic, smoke, bad weather, and or fire? Can you think of anything else that would cause a scene to be unsafe? If there are any dangers- call 9-1-1 from a safe distance.

18. Checking the Scene What happened? –Look for clues to cause what happened? –Look at nearby objects, fallen ladders, broken glass or a spilled bottled of medicine.

19. Checking the Scene How many people are involved? Is there immediate danger involved? Is anyone else available to help? What is wrong? 1.Downed electrical wires

20. Also for these situations 1.Fire/explosion 2.Presence of gas 3.Rising water 4.Accidents 5.Victims who cannot be moved easily

21. B. Making the Call 1.Give address and exact location 2.Telephone # from where you are calling 3.Caller’s name 4.What happened 5.How many people are involved 6.Condition of victim 7.Help/care being given 8.Don’t hang up until they tell you to do so

22. Care for the victim 1.Care for life- threatening injuries first 2.Monitor the victim’s vital signs 3.Reassure and keep the victim comfortable